22 emotional and more objective in undergoing life. These people will not let their hopes
deceive them. They will still learn from others to improve themselves. Therefore, it causes them be more precise in making judgment on others.
Based on Maslow’s statement in A Theory of Metamotivation: The Biological Rooting of the Value-Life, the self-actualized people are already satisfied in their love
needs. They have friends, feel loved and love worthy. Their self-esteem need is also fulfilled since they already respect themselves and have status in life. They do not
feel anxiety, inferiority, worthlessness, or isolation. Moreover, they love their job and do it as best as they could since they feel that it is right and suitable for them.
Maslow 1969 adds that the self-actualized people possess their spiritual life. It is defining characteristics to create a full human nature. Having spiritual life means
that they have already found the reason of their existence, their meaning of life. The meaning of life is a part of real self that reveals the identity and full humanness of an
individual para. 47
2.2 Theoretical Framework
The theories reviewed in the previous part are very important for the writer to get into the analysis part. In analyzing Paulo Coelho’s Veronika Decides to Die, the
writer uses some theories. The theories are theory of character, method of characterization, theory of psychoanalytical psychology, and theory of motivation.
23 Theory of character, method of characterization, and theory of motivation will
be useful to determine the characteristics of the main character in the novel and help the writer to answer the first problem formulation, in which the writer will give a
clear description about Veronika’s characteristics in Paulo Coelho’s novel Veronika Decides to Die.
In order to answer the second problem formulation, the writer will use theory of psychoanalytical psychology and theory of motivation. These theories are used to
find out the meaning of Veronika’s decision to commit suicide. Freud’s psychoanalytical psychology theory is applied to help the writer to explain about the
first true meaning of Veronika’s decision to commit suicide which is related to the the analyses that Veronika cannot control the id. Furthermore, Maslow’s theory of
Motivation is applied to explain the second true meanings of Veronika’s decision to commit suicide which is related to the analyses that Veronika is lack of
belongingness and love needs, self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
2.3 Context of The Novel
Veronika Decides to Die is a novel written by Paulo Coelho.
This novel consists of 210 pages.
The original version Paulo Coelho’s Veronika Decides to Die was written Portuguese. The novel was translated into English by Margaret Jull Costa
and
published in 1999 in the United States of America by Harper Collins Publisher Inc.
