The Research Subjects RESEARCH METHOD
photographs during the interview and observations of the teaching and learning activities in the classroom.
The rubrics of the students’ speaking performance were used to assess the students’ writing ability in the pre-test and post-test. The tests
were used to measure the improvement of the students’ writing skill and in the form of texts. The tests in the pre-test and post-test had the same
level of difficulties. The rubrics were focused on five aspects namely organization, logical development of ideas content, language, vocabulary,
and mechanics. The researcher adapted them from writing scoring rubric by Jacob 1981 that is cited in Weigle 2002 that is scaled 13 to 30 for
the content aspect, 7-20 for the organization and vocabulary, 5-25 for the language use, and 2-5 for the mechanics aspects.
Meanwhile, the observation and interview guidelines were used in the reconnaissance and the observation during the implementation of the
action. In the reconnaissance step, the observation guideline was used to find out the relating problems. In the action step, the observation
guidelines were used to see the implementation of the action. It covered the instruments of the lesson, the learning and teaching process, and class
situation. These main parts covered some sections. The instruments of the lesson included the lesson plans and the syllabus. The pre-teaching, whilst-
teaching, and the post teaching became the parts of the learning and teaching process. The class situation were needed to observe since it was
also one of the things needed to improve in this research. The class
situation was related to the students’ enthuasiasm, involvement, understanding, and the students’ responses towards the techniques and
activities used by the researcher and so forth. The results of the observation during the research were in the form of field notes.