The Research Subjects RESEARCH METHOD

photographs during the interview and observations of the teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The rubrics of the students’ speaking performance were used to assess the students’ writing ability in the pre-test and post-test. The tests were used to measure the improvement of the students’ writing skill and in the form of texts. The tests in the pre-test and post-test had the same level of difficulties. The rubrics were focused on five aspects namely organization, logical development of ideas content, language, vocabulary, and mechanics. The researcher adapted them from writing scoring rubric by Jacob 1981 that is cited in Weigle 2002 that is scaled 13 to 30 for the content aspect, 7-20 for the organization and vocabulary, 5-25 for the language use, and 2-5 for the mechanics aspects. Meanwhile, the observation and interview guidelines were used in the reconnaissance and the observation during the implementation of the action. In the reconnaissance step, the observation guideline was used to find out the relating problems. In the action step, the observation guidelines were used to see the implementation of the action. It covered the instruments of the lesson, the learning and teaching process, and class situation. These main parts covered some sections. The instruments of the lesson included the lesson plans and the syllabus. The pre-teaching, whilst- teaching, and the post teaching became the parts of the learning and teaching process. The class situation were needed to observe since it was also one of the things needed to improve in this research. The class situation was related to the students’ enthuasiasm, involvement, understanding, and the students’ responses towards the techniques and activities used by the researcher and so forth. The results of the observation during the research were in the form of field notes.

4. Data Analysis Techniques

In this research, the data were qualitative in nature and supported by the quantitative data. The researcher assessed the students’ writing skills based on the writing rubrics that had been consulted with the English teacher. The rubrics were used during the writing test, in the pre-test and in the post-test. The results of the students’ writing performances were analyzed to find out the means of the students’ writing performances. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were analyzed based on the data analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman 1994. It was done through these steps: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The first step were done by collecting the data such as the interview transcripts and field notes. In the second step, the researcher selected limited, simplified and transformed the data by summarizing or paraphrasing the interview transcripts and field notes. In the data display, the data was reduced then organized and compressed. The data display of this research was in the form of texts, field notes, and interview transcripts and field notes. Then, the last step was making conclusion drawing and verification. The conclusion were gained based on the results of the