they still find many problems in writing after conducting observation and interviews.
D. Data Collection
1. Types of Data
This research was action research in which the data could be both qualitative and quantitative. The data of this research were in two forms.
The quantitative data was collected through the interviews and observations while the quantitative data was the results of the students’
writing tests.
2. Data Collection Techniques
The data in this research study were obtained from the instruments. The data needed were the writing scores, opinions, obstacles, and
expectations of the implementation of the actions gained from the research members. The data were collected through class observations,
documentation of the students’ writing tests, and the interview with the research members.
The data collection techniques used were qualitative through interviewing some of the members of schools and observation. In the
beginning of the research, the researcher conducted personal interviews to the principal to find out the main language skills needed to improve. By
doing so, the researcher found out that writing skills of the students at the
school were low, so the researcher decided some actions to be carried out which aim was to improve the writing ability. The researcher also
interviewed the English teacher. Besides, to get the whole picture of the class she joined the class to see the learning and teaching process. The
problems were identified and discussed with the English teacher to find the solution.
The interviews, observations and the discussion were done not only in the beginning of the research, but also in the process of the research. It
was to identify and monitor the improvement of the writing ability of the students after the implementation of the planned actions through the use of
cooperative learning to improve the writing skills. The interviews were conducted with the students in the class after the implementation of the
actions to know how their feelings towards the actions implemented and whether the actions helped them to improve their writing skills. The
interviews were recorded and done in Bahasa Indonesia. At the end, the researcher conducted a writing test for the students.
3. Data Collection Instruments
Instruments were some documents used in the data collection. The instruments used in this research were observation checklist, interview
guidelines, writing tests and rubrics of the students’ writing performance. To keep the validity of the data, the researcher also used a recorder and
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