Kinds of Morpheme Theoretical Framework

because they can stand on their own as fully fledged words, they can also be a word-form. Katamba 1993: 41 also states, many words contain a root standing on its own. Roots which are capable of standing independently are called free morpheme. The free morpheme are lexical morphemes such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, preposition or adverbs. For example: man, far, cook, gentle, desire, dog, hot, judge, boy, car, etc . Second words are called bound morphemes because they can only survive meaningfully by being attached to free morphemes e.g.-ly, -ing, -ise, -action, - less, non-, co- and so on. According to Bauer in his book entitled English Word Formation, bound morpheme is a morpheme that can only occur in a word form in conjunction with at last one other morph. Thus, in the word form blenders. Blend canoccur in isolation as a word form and it is called free morpheme, while –er and –s can only occur if they are attached to the other morph and they are called bound morpheme Bauer, 1985: 17. We can say that all affixes prefixes and suffixes in English are bound morphemes. The free morphemes can generally be identified as the set of separate English word forms such as basic nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc. when free morphemes are used with bound morphemes attached, the basic word form are technically known as stems.

2.3.4 Affixation: prefixes and suffixes

The process affixation in morphology can be divided into prefixation and suffixation. Quirk et al states that affixation is adding a prefix or a suffix to the base with or without a change of word class 1973: 430. An affix is a bound morpheme which may be attached at the beginning or end of a base word. In this case, as affix is a morpheme, with only occurs when attached to some other morpheme, or morphemes such as root of stem or base. It is a morpheme that cannot stand alone or bound morphemes. The process of affixation in morphology can be divided into: a. Prefixes A prefix is as affix attached before a root or stem or base like re-, un-, and in-. Katamba, 1993:44 b. Suffixes A suffixes is as affixes attached after a root or stem or base like –ly,-er, - ist, -s, -ing, and –ed. Katamba, 1993:44 c. Infixes An infixes is an affix inserted into the root itself. Katamba, 1993:44 Based on the above definition, here are the examples: 1. Playing chess is enjoyable Quirk et al, 1973: 247 2. A trade arrangement should be no problem, and similarly a cultural exchange could be arranged Quirk et al, 1973: 247 3. This exhibition will be open until the end of May Thomson, 1986: 23 4. He found impossible to study at home Thomson, 1986: 42 Enjoyable in the example number 1 is the word formed through affixation. It is derived from the verb base enjoy with the addition of suffix –able.