adjective-to-adverb: -ly personal
→ personally
noun-to-adjective: -al recreation → recreational
noun-to-verb: -fy glory
→ glorify
verb-to-adjective: -able drink → drinkable
verb-to-noun: -ance deliver
→ deliverance
verb-to-noun: -er write → writer
Although derivational affixes do not necessarily alter the syntactic category, they do change the meaning of the base. In many cases, derivational
affixes change both the syntactic category and the meaning e.g. modern →
modernize In derivational process there two processes, they are class-maintaining
derivation and class-changing derivation. Bauer 1983: 33 also states that derivation is sometime also subdivided into class-maintaining derivation and
class-changing derivation. Class-maintaining derivation is the derivation of new lexemes which are the same form class part of speech as the base from which
they are formed, whereas class-maintaining derivation produces lexemes which belong to different form classes from their bases.
2.3.7 Class-Maintaining Derivational Suffixes
In maintaining class of words, the derivational suffixes are used to create new lexemes by causing a shift in the grammatical sub-class of a word without
moving it into a new word class Katamba, 1993:50. On the other word, class
maintaining suffixes are the suffix which do not change the class of the base. When the suffix attached to the base then the result is to have the same form of
the base class. Primarily, according to Bauer 1984:220, there are number of suffix that can be used in this category, they are:
1. –ess lion → lioness
2. –ette kitchen → kitchenette
3. –hood man → manhood
4. –ism patriot → patriotism
5. –ship kin → kinship
2.3.8 Class-Changing Derivational Suffixes
In changing class of words, derivational suffix bring about a shift in the grammatical class of a base as possible changing in meaning Katmba, 1993:50.
According to form class of derivatives that they produce, suffixes are classified into: suffixes forming noun, suffixes forming verbs, suffixes forming adjectives
and suffixes forming adverbs Bauer, 1983:220.
a Derivational suffixes forming nouns
Suffix forming noun is a suffix which is added at the end of the base and changes the base into noun. In other word, the suffix is placed in the end of the
base and from this combination produces a new lexeme. In English, there are some suffixes that can be used in forming nouns from verb and adjective base
form. They are:
