Literature Review RIVEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS AND

classes which can change into adjective through those processes are found in a novel “The Washington Club A Cliff Hardy Novel” and to explain the functions of morphological process which occur in adjectives found in a novel. The theory used is proposed by Katamba 1993, McCarthy and Quirk 1993. According to analyses can be can be concluded that there are two types of morphological processes in English adjective formation namely derivation and inflectional process. The function of morphological process occur in adjective formation is to create new words by modifying the meaning of the base without changing its grammatical category class maintaining or by modifying the meaning and the grammatical category of the base class changing. Third previous research was done by Tanjung 2015 entitled “Morphological Process of Derivational Noun in Mahligai Magazine”. The aims of the study are to find types of morphological process occurring in noun in the magazine entitled Mahligai and to analyse the functions of morphological processes depending on its type. The theory used is proposed by Matthew 1991. According to analyses, the result of this study is the types of morphological process and English nouns word which added trough derivational process change the meaning of word and change the class of some words. The journal was done by Musakarentitled Processes of Derivational Affixes of Lamaholot Language Mostly Used in East Solor Sub – District East Flores Regency. The aim of the article is to report the processes of derivational affixes of Lamaholot language spoken by community in East Solor sub district. The theory used is proposed by Haspelmath 2002: 1 dealing with internal structure of words, by Bauer 1988:73 in Ermanto 2007: 26-27 dealing with derivational and inflectional mo rphology, O‟grady 2001: 133-134 talking about morphemes and bound morphemes. The main reference is of Katamba 1999 that explains much theory of morphology. Based on the data, this journal reports six prefixes and three infixes that function to form derivations, that is noun and adjective derivations. Meanwhile, the verb derivation is not found in Lamaholot language. Phonologically, there is an extensive presence of nasal sounds: m, n and ŋ, as a result of phonological changes of affixes and their roots. In general, the previous reviews are relevant with this research and can be used as references because the researches above have same discussion namely, analysis derivational morpheme. Besides, this research uses similar theory. The differences between this research and previous researches are the data source. This research uses book Bhagavad-gita As It Is as data source of study.

2.2 Concepts

In giving more understanding about the topic discussed in this study, there are some basic concepts to be described that have relation with derivational suffixes.

2.2.1 Derivation

According to Bauer 1983:33, derivation is concerned with the formation of new lexemes by affixation. Sometimes, derivation is also subdivision into class-maintaining derivation and class-changing derivation. Class-maintaining derivation is derivation of new lexemes which are of the same form class part of speech as the base from which they are formed, whereas class-changing derivation produce lexemes which belong to different classes from their bases. Katamba 1993:50 states that derivational affixes are used to create new lexemes by either; modifying significantly the meaning of the base to which they are attached, without necessarily changing the grammatical category; or they bring about a shift in the grammatical class of a base as well as possible changing in meaning; or they may cause a shift in the grammatical sub-class of word without moving it into a new word class.

2.2.2 Word

Matthews 1997:37 states that a words is the smallest units that make up a sentence, and marked as such in writing. Word is unit of language that comes meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together and has a phonetically value, typically a word will consist of root or stem and zero or more affixes word can be combine to create phrase, clause, and sentence. There are eight word class categories in English. They are verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. But the fact, derivational affixes can be attached only in three word class categories such as noun, verb and adjective class in order to produce nouns, adjectives, adverb, and verbs.