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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In order to solve the problems formulated in chapter one, the process for conducting this study will be clarified. Six main points are included in chapter three
namely: A. Research Method, B. Research Respondent, C. Research Setting, D. Research Instrument, E. Data Gathering, F. Procedures, and G. Data Analysis.
A. Research Method
This research attempted to solve two major problems. Firstly it was conducted to find out the accountability of English speaking instructional materials
for tourist guides at Agrowisata Turi. Secondly, it was aimed to present the designed materials for tourists guides at Agrowisata Turi.
In order to achieve the two major goals mentioned above, this research used the strategy of educational research and development, sometimes called research
based development. Borg and Gall 1983:772 stated that educational research and development R D is a process used to develop and validate educational products.
This process consists of ten steps but the writer only used five steps. These steps of this process are usually referred to as the R D cycle, as follows:
1. Research and information collecting-Includes review of literature, classroom
observations, and preparation of report of state of the art. 2.
Planning-Includes defining skills, stating objectives determining course sequence, and small scale feasibility testing.
3. Develop preliminary form of product-Includes preparation of instructional
materials, handbooks and evaluation devices. 4.
Preliminary field testing-Conducted in from 1 to 3 schools, using 6to 12 subjects. Interview, observational and questionnaire data collected and analyzed.
5. Main product revision-Revision of product as suggested by the preliminary field-
tests result. The five steps are divided into two parts, namely pre design survey and post
design survey. Research and information collecting; Planning; and Developing preliminary form of product is included in pre design survey. Preliminary field
testing; and Main product revision is included in post design survey. The two kinds of survey conducted in this research as discussed as follows:
1. Pre design Survey
The first study was used in conducting needs analysis in order to get data about students’ interests, necessities, wants, and lacks in learning English. The
survey was conducted by observing and interviewing. 2.
Post design Survey The second survey was conducted to gather data from the appropriate and
qualified respondents to get opinion and feedback on the designed speaking instructional materials. The survey was conducted by distributing and gathering
questionnaires and by interviewing the English instructors who had experience in teaching ESP.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in Agrowisata Turi, which is located in Desa
Bangunkerto, Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta.
The writer asked the tourist guides to answer some questions related to their experience in serving the tourists. Hopefully, it would enable the writer to conduct
the research. Therefore, it would be relevant to this study.
C. Research Participants
Since there were two kinds of survey research, there would be two kinds of participants. The first was the respondents to the needs analysis survey and the
second kind was the participants in the materials evaluation survey. 1. The Participants of Need Analysis
The participants of this survey were four 4 guides in Agrowisata Turi. 2. The Participants of Materials Evaluation
The participants of this survey were six English instructors at an English Course. The English instructors were involved in this research because they were
considered competent and expert in the application of some theories related to Instructional Design, Communicative Approach and other theories that were used in
this research. The lecturers were expected to give many inputs to the writer about implementation of those theories in the instructional materials design.
D. Research Instruments
Instruments are needed to conduct survey research in gathering information. According to Sprinthall 1991, survey is designed to gather the information from
samples by means of observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The instruments used in this research were:
1. Interview
The writer conducted interview when the writer needed further information or evaluation from respondents. See appendix A for the complete questions.
2. Questionnaires
To gather data from the respondents, the writer used questionnaires. The questionnaires were used in the materials evaluation survey. The questions in
materials evaluation survey were divided into two types. With first type, the respondents were asked to choose one of the points of the evaluation with the range
between 1 up to 5. With second one, the respondents were asked to give opinions that would be used to revise or improve the speaking materials design. See appendix B
for the complete questionnaires.
E. Data Gathering
The data gathering included conducting the interview, distributing and collecting the questionnaires, data analysis and the instructional design development.
1. Conducting the Interview
The writer conducted interviews before designing the material. It was aimed at fulfilling the needs analysis of the tourist guides and to dig up more
specifics about their needs. The interview was done in Indonesian so the participants had no difficulties in answering the questions. The writer also
conducted interviews after designing the material. It was aimed at getting comments, criticisms, and suggestions from the participants. The participants
are the persons who are competent and have experience in teaching-learning activities.
2. Distributing and Collecting the Questionnaires
The writer distributed and collected questionnaires from the instructor. It was done after designing the speaking material. It was aimed to have their
comments and corrections. So the writer not only did interview but also distributed and collected questionnaires.
F. Designing Process of the Instructional Materials
This section discusses the process of designing a set of instructional materials. In the process of designing the materials, the writer conducted a needs
analysis. The writer conducted interviews with the tourist guides in Agrowisata Turi in order to find out their needs in English. Based on the interview, the writer found
out that the tourist guides in Agrowisata Turi need English to communicate with foreign tourists since their job was to give information about Agrowisata Turi to
foreign tourists. They need English to support their job. The result of the interview showed that all the tourist guides in Agrowisata Turi agreed with the topics, in this
case, conversation as an important means to improve their professionalism. Therefore, the writer tried to fulfill their needs in English by designing a set of
English materials related to their job. After designing the English materials, the writer distributed the designed materials to obtain the evaluations and suggestions
from English lecturers and instructors. Then, the writer revises, improves the speaking materials design and makes the final design of speaking instructional
materials
G. Revision of the Designed Material
This section discusses the revision and the improvement of the designed materials based on the result of the questionnaires from the respondents and the
interview. The writer distributes the designed materials and questionnaires to one
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