6 1. To find out how a set of English speaking instructional materials for the staff
of Bantul Community-Based Rehabilitation using Cooperative Learning is designed.
2. To find out what English speaking instructional materials for the staff of Bantul Community-Based Rehabilitation using Cooperative Learning looks
like.
F. Research Benefits
Hopefully, this research will give some beneficial contributions to some parties who are closely related to this research. The benefits of the research are
for: 1. The teachers
This research will be beneficial for the teachers in that they are given a different overview in conducting the teaching learning process where the teachers
find pleasure in discovering the students‘ uniqueness. 2. The learners
Since the design is based on the Cooperative Learning, the students become the center of research. They are appreciated as individuals who are uniquely
different from others and can build an interaction to others cooperatively. 3. Further study
The design will be opened for constructive criticism. Therefore, further researches are needed to conduct. Those are also needed to employ this design to
other levels of education. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7
G. Definition of Terms
There are some terms used in the title that need to be defined to avoid misinterpretation since there are many available definitions. Here are the
descriptions of each term of the title to avoid misinterpretation: 1. Design
According to Houle 1978:230, design of education is defined as a develop plan to guide educational activity in a situation. Then, design is same as creating a
new set of materials that fits the learning objectives and specifics area of particular learners Hutchinson and Waters, 1994:106.
In this research, the writer uses the definition of the term ‗design‘ as a
general arrangement of planning. The plan here existed as design, is made for teaching and learning process in the classroom and is used to organize or to
control the class. It is related to the instructional given by the teacher to the students. The instruction helps the students to achieve their learning objectives.
2. Speaking Widdowson 1979:59 said that speaking is the manifestation of language
and refer to the realization of language as use in spoken interaction as talking. The language is used to communicate and here the interaction happens when the
speaker sends hisher messages by using aural medium, they are mouth, lips, tongue and other oral cavities and the listener receives the messages.
In this research, the writer uses the definition term ‗speaking‘ as a productive skill to be mastered in learning English in order the learners are able to
use English as daily communication. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8 3. Instructional Materials
Before defining instructional material, it is best to know first what instructional design is. Instructional design is a systematic process for designing,
developing, implementing, and evaluating Dick Reiser, 1989 we can define that instructional material is the material that is developed using the design.
Other definition is stated by Romizowwski 1981:4 that instructional means a goal directed teaching process, which is more or less pre-planned. The important
thing is that ―a predetermined goal‖ has been made before the teaching takes place. It does not matter who establishes the goal, whether the students himself or
the other goal agents, such as the teacher or syllabus. The important thing in instructional materials is that the pre-learning work to enable the learner passes
any routes he proposes to take, to check his progress and to enable another to retrace his steps.
In this research, instructional materials mean a set of units, which is used by both the teacher and students as the focus of discussion in the teaching learning
process so that the students are able to achieve the goals, which have been directed.
4. Speaking Instructional Materials Refers to the explanation above, that speaking is a productive skill to be
mastered in daily communication and instructional materials are a set of unit materials used in teaching learning activities to achieve the goals, so it means that
speaking instructional materials mean a set of unit teaching learning materials for speaking activities to achieve the goals which have been directed.
9 In this research, the writer will use speaking instructional materials for
teaching English by developing learners‘ speaking skill in order to be able to use English in daily communicative.
5. Cooperative Learning Cooperative Learning David and Roger Johnson, 2001 is a relationship in
a group of students that requires positive interdependence a sense of sink or swim together, individual accountability each of us has to contribute and learn,
interpersonal skills communication, trust, leadership, decision making, and conflict resolution, face-to-face promotive interaction, and processing reflecting
on how well the team is functioning and how to function even better. In this research, the Cooperative Learning will be used for the bases theory
in which the teaching-learning activities will apply. The activities of each unit will be set as a group interaction to make the learners easy to use English in
communication. 6. The staffs of Bantul CBR
According to A. J. Angga Yanuar R, the Field Coordinator of Bantul CBR Community-Based Rehabilitation, CBR is a kind of strategy in developing
people or society for rehabilitation, having the equal chance and integrity among those who are physically diffable different ability because of the May 27
th
, 2006
‘s earth quake. The staffs are some people, who work in an office of Indonesian Charity of Semarang Archdiocese supported by Germany Charity and
take care in developing diffable people by involving their family, healthy service center, education center, skill service and suitable social service center.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
