30 of the test that the writer used. The writer also presents the scoring procedure for
the test.
1. Validity of the Test
Gronlund as cited in Brown 2004 says that validity is “the extent to which inferences made from assessment results are appropriate, meaningful, and
useful in terms of the purpose of the assessment”. Hughes 1989 states “a test is said to be valid if it measures accurately what it is intended to measure”. Further,
he argues there are four types of test validity, namely content validity, criterion- related validity, construct validity, and face validity.
To found out whether the test that the writer constructed was valid and reliable the writer conducted a pilot test on November 19, 2009 in Structure V
Class. From the result of the pilot test, it was found that the test only covers three out of the four types of validity. The following is the description of the validity
that the test covered.
a Content Validity
Content validity refers to the content of the instrument, which is the test. Hughes 1989 states that content validity constitutes “a representative sample of
the language skills, structures, etc. with which it is meant to be concerned.” Further, Hughes argues that the content validity of a test can be seen from the
specification of the skills, structures, or other elements.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
31 From the result of the pilot test, the writer found that the test used in this
study covered the content validity. The test in this study was to measure the students’ mastery in translating relative clauses from Indonesian into English and
to find out errors that they made when doing the translation. The content of the test specifies on grammar element, i.e. relative clauses. The participants were to
translate twenty items sentences in the test from Indonesian into English. All sentences in the test contained relative clause.
The test in this research covered content validity because the participants were able to do the test. The participant could do the test because they were
familiar with the constructions. It was shown from the test result.
b Construct Validity
A test is said to have construct validity if “it can demonstrate that it measures just the ability which it is supposed to measure” Hughes, 1989. The
test in this study was designed to measure the mastery of the fifth semester students’ in translating relative clauses from Indonesian into English.
From the result of the pilot test, the test used in this study has the construct validity. It was intended to measure the fifth semester students’ mastery on
grammar and translation. The fifth semester students are considered to have learned and internalized the construction of relative clauses and the translation of
relative clauses from Indonesian into English in their courses, hence were able to do the test.
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32
c Face Validity
Face validity covers the looks of the test. If it looks as if it measures what it is intended to measure then it has face validity Hughes, 1989. Since the test
used in this study measures students’ mastery in translating relative clauses from Indonesian into English, it was constructed in form of sentences. The students
were to rewrite while translate the test items from Indonesian into English. From the result of the pilot test, the writer found that the participants could
understand clearly how to do the test and thus were able to do it. It means that the participants knew what to do when they got the test sheets. The looks of the test
can be seen in the appendices See appendix F.
2. Reliability of the Test
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