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has set. The practitioners are also expected to be creative in developing their own practices. Finally, an Action Research is also characterized by having cynical process
during the study.
B. Setting of the Research
The research was conducted in SMA N 1 Pengasih, KulonProgo. It is located in Jl. KRT Kertodiningrat 41, Margosari, Pengasih, Kulon Progo. It has 3 storerooms, 4
teacher’s bathrooms, 14 student’s bathrooms, teacher’s room, headmaster’s room, student’s council’s room, a library, a hall, a mosque, 18 classrooms, and 5
laboratories. The classes of the school consist of 4 science classes and 2 social classes for grade X, 3 science classes and 3 social classes for grade XI, and 2 classes
for science classes and 4 social classes for grade XII. The school has 5 laboratories. They are Physics Laboratory, Chemistry Laboratory, Biology Laboratory, Computer
Laboratory, and Language Laboratory. However, the Language Laboratory does not work.
The school only provides one LCD and one speaker for all classes. Teachers that need to use LCD or projector have to book them few days before the usage. The
laboratories have one LCD for each but only Chemistry’s and Physics’ projectors
work well. Therefore these two laboratories are used mostly for the entire classes of the school for any lesson.
C. Research Participants
The members of the research were the teacher, students, and the researcher herself. The students, as the subject of the research, were the students of class X
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MIA3 in academic year of 20142015 of SMA N 1 Pengasih. The number of the students was 32.
D. Data Collection Technique
There are two kinds of data collected for this research, namely qualitative and quantitative data. The data are be presented more qualitatively, however, with the
quantitative data as the supporting ones. Qualitative data are described the situation and the findings of the research in the form of sentences while the quantitative data
are described in the form of scores. The qualitative data were gathered through several techniques. The first one was
observation conducted from the beginning of the research. The researcher wrote down the observation in an observation checklist and the data were presented in field
notes. The second was interviews with the English teacher and the students. The researcher did the interviews based on interview guidelines. The interview results
were recorded and later were presented in the form of script. The quantitative data were obtained through writing rubric from the writing tests.
The tests showed scores of the students from the beginning of the research until the implementation of the action. This showed the differences that were later to be
compared and described in the form of sentences.
E. Data Analysis
Burns 2010: 104 proposes five steps for analyzing data of an Action Research. They are assembling the data, coding the data, comparing the data, building
meanings and interpretations, and reporting outcomes.
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1. Assembling the data
The researcher collected the data that have been gathered from the observations, interviews, and the writing tests.
2. Coding the data
The researcher categorizes the data that has been collected into more specific patterns.
3. Comparing the data
The researcher compares the data from different instruments and sees if they say the same thing or show some contradictions.
4. Building meanings and interpretations
The researcher thinks deeply about what the data are saying and develops an explanation about what the research means at a boarder level.
5. Reporting outcomes
The researcher thinks about how she can present the research to others from the beginning to end, not just the analysis and findings.
To analyze quantitative data, the researcher compared the results of students writing scores from Cycle 1 before and after the implementation of the games, and
also from Cycle 2 after the implementation of the games. The scores were calculated and compared to find any change of the
students’ writing skills. First writing scores of the first product were summed, as well second and third products. Then the
researcher calculated the average of each test ’ scores and compare them to find if
there was any improvement. The average of the data was calculated with the formula proposed by Arikunto 2007: 264:
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X
=
∑� �
X : mean
∑x : total score
N : total students
F. Validity and Reliability
