To use language properly is often related to the politeness. Many people have difficulties in defining what politeness is.
Wardhaugh 2006:277 divides politeness into two kinds; positive and negative politeness. Positive politeness is used to build
solidarity like in offering friendship. Meanwhile, negative politeness can be shown by using indirectness, apologizing,
deference, and formality in language use. The way people address the other is a way to see how the
relationship between the speaker and addressee. Moreover, through the way people address others contain some meaning and affected
by several factors.
e. Language and Context
Language and context cannot be separated. Meaning of language uttered by speaker is determined by the context. The
existence of context is so important, because it is related to the social background which influences people in choosing words they
will use. It is inline with Kesckes and Horn 2006:75, who state that context significantly influence verbal communication,
especially in intercultural communication.
Dealing with context, there is a branch of linguistics which cannot be separated with the context. That branch is named as
pragmatics. Pragmatics cannot be separated with the idea of context, since pragmatics focuses on analyzing utterances in order
to understand the „beyond‟ meaning, of of the ways is by analyzing the context of the utterances.
Pragmatics
According to Crystal 2001:269, pragmatics is the study of language from the point of view of the users,
especially of the choices they make, the constraints they encounter in using language in social interaction and the effects
their use of language has on the participants in act of communication. Yule 1998:3 adds that pragmatics is the
study of the speaker‟s meaning. It means that in order to achieve a good communication, both the speaker and hearer
should be able to understand each other correctly regarding what the speaker means and how the hearer understands what
the speaker means. When such understanding does not occur, the communicative situation may become a misunderstanding.
Pragmatics is also concerned with the meaning of utterances and focuses on what is not explicitly stated and on
how people interpret utterances in situational contexts Finch, 2000:150. The meaning of utterances depends on the hearer‟s
interpretation. One speaker may utter something, but two hearers may have different interpretations. In addition, Bublitz
in Trosborg 2010:v states that pragmatics deals with
