Table 2: The Form of Data Sheet for Functions of Address Terms in the Speaking Materials in
English on Sky books N
O code
Data Function of
address terms Context
I PD
R 1 FVIIIU1
2 Iwan: Hi,
Shanti
Where are you?
Shanti: Oh, hi Iwan.
I‟m on the bus.
√
Participant: two friends Setting:
outside the
school, on the way to school
Topic: asking for one‟s current
position by
phone Function: the kid
wants to know where her friend now is.
Note:
F :
Function of Address Terms I
: Intimacy
VIII : Book for Class VIII
PD : Power Differential
U1 :
Unit 1
R
: Respect
2
: Page number
Context
: Holmes‟ theory
Table 3: The Form of Data Sheet for Social Factors of Address Terms in the Speaking Materials in
English on Sky books N
o Code
Data Type of address terms
Context P
O R
O A F
R O
H T
S D
I 1 SFIXU1
11 Student A:
Miss Ina
is absent
today. Student B:
Are
you sure?
Student A:
√
Participant: two
students Setting: at school
Topic: talking about the absence of their teacher
Function: They want to make
sure whether
their teacher is really
I‟m positive.
absent or not.
Note:
SF : Social Factor
A : Age
IX ; Book for Class IX
FR : Family Relationship
U1 : Unit 1
OR : Occupational Hierarchy
2 : Page number
TS : Transactional Status
PO : Particular Occasion
RO : Rank of other
DI
: Degree of Intimacy
Context
: Holmes‟ theory
D. Techniques of Data Collection
Vanderstop and Johnston 2008:189 state that there are four types of data collection technique. They are interviewing face-to-face
question answer process, ethnography observation, analysis of documents and material culture, and visual analysis interpreting of
mediated communication text such as films or television program. This research employed ethnography observation, analysis of documents and
material culture in which the sentences containing address terms in the conversation scripts were analyzed.
The steps of data collection were as follows: 1.
observing the speaking materials in the textbooks, 2.
making data sheet, and 3.
categorizing the raw data into the data sheets.
E. Techniques of Data Analysis
After finishing the data collection, the raw data that had been noted in the data analysis were analyzed in the data sheet. In qualitative
research, the relation between data collection and data analysis cannot be separated Bungin, 2007:107. The analysis was started when the raw
data were selected and arranged them into the data sheets. In addition, the remaining steps of the analysis were:
1. Classifying
The data in the data sheet were classified based on their types of address terms.
2. Analyzing
In this step, a quantitative approach was employed. All data which were classified in each category were counted.
3. Discussing
After the findings revealed, each datum was given detail explanation of the analysis which covered the answer of how and
why the findings could be so. 4.
Reporting This is the last step of the research. In writing the report of the
research, some points of conclusion and suggestion were added.
F. Trustworthiness of the Data
The research was conducted by employing some instruments to get a deeper analysis. However, to get the credible and verified data he
still employed triangulation. Denscombe 2007:296 states that verification in qualitative research is very important to get the true data
from the object. He adds that to verify the data can be through validity, reliability, generalizability, and objectivity 2007: 296. Trustworthiness
is also important in this research. Given 2008:895 states that trustworthiness provides the researcher of a qualitative research some
parameters to differentiate this kind of research with a quantitative research. He adds that trustworthiness is a way in which qualitative
research assures the transferability, credibility, dependability, and conformability are evident in the research.
To gain the credibility of the data, the data were triangulated by using several theories and sources. The theories used in this research
were Chaika and Wardhaugh‟s theories of address terms. The other sources were various books were related to the rules of addressing terms,
such as Speaking Naturally. Moreover, the data findings of the research were triangulated by two linguistics students. Finally, the results of the
triangulated data findings were discussed and consulted to the researcher‟s consultants.
