CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type
This research employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches with the dominance of qualitative approach. Qualitative
approach is employed because the researcher wants to focus on describing the phenomena of address terms that occur in the dialogues.
It is inline with Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009:167 who state that qualitative research does not claim any generalization, it only focuses
on the representation of the phenomena. Meanwhile, the quantitative approach is used to support the data analysis in the form of frequencies.
B. Form, Context, and Source of the Data
The data of this research were in the form of sentences performed in the conversations as the speaking materials in English on Sky books.
This data form is in line with Bungin 2007:103 who says that qualitative data are in the forms of sentences, utterances, and short
stories. Furthermore, Deg 2005:11 states that qualitative data deal with
meaning. The meaning comes from the combination between language and action. The data maybe produced from sources such as field note,
interview, transcript, documents, photographs, sketches, video, and
tape recording. Therefore, the data were taken from sentences of characters involved in the dialogue. The context of the data was taken
from the conversations between participants in English on Sky books. The data of this research were collected by analyzing the
speaking materials in the English on Sky books for Junior High School students class VII, VIII, and IX which are bought in the bookstore.
C. Research Instruments
In qualitative research, the researcher becomes the main instrument. Spradley via Yin 2011:13 also states that the researcher
serves as a research instrument for culture and people‟s interaction that cannot be measured by external instrument. Beside the researcher as
the primary instrument, another instrument needs to be added in order to make the data valid which will be called as secondary instrument.
Thus, this research employs two instruments. First is the researcher as primary instrument, and second is the use of data sheet,
and the dialogues as secondary instrument.
Table 1: The Form of Data Sheet for Types of Address Terms in the Speaking Materials in
English on Sky books N
o code
Data Type of address terms
Context F
N TLN T L
N S
N P
N K
T
1 TVII U13
Student A: Hi, my
name‟s Riko.
Student B:
Hello, I‟m
Shanti. Student
A: Nice to meet
you, Shanti. √
Participant: two
new students Setting: at school
Topic: introducing oneself
Function:
They introduce
themselves to make friends, since they
are
still new
students who do not know anyone yet.
Note:
T :
Type of Address Terms T
: Title alone
VII : Book for Class VII
TLN : Title last name
U1 : Unit 1
LN : Last name
3 :
Page number SN
: Special nickname
a :
First dialogue in the page there are more than one dialogues in a page
FN : First name
PN : Pet name
KT : Kinship terms
Context
: Holmes‟ theory
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