understood by the students. Besides, through the investigations, this research is aimed to evaluate the authenticity of the textbooks, whether
the textbooks have given the appropriate and authentic speaking materials for the students or not. Thus, this research is different from the
previous ones.
B. Conceptual Framework and Analytical Construct
This research uses Wardhaugh and Chaika‟s definitions of address
terms of the types, functions and social factors. There will be three steps of analyzing: description, interpretation, and explanation. The data for doing this
three steps, mainly in description steps will be employed Holmes‟s concept of
context to ensure whether the address terms are applied appropriately based on the context of the conversation.
Besides, the Tillit and Bruder‟s theory of addressing system will be also used to describe whether the address terms
used are authentic or not. From this process, the speaking materials, therefore, can be identified in terms of its authenticity and appropriateness through the
authenticity evaluations
upon the
address terms
adapted from
Cunningsworth‟s criteria of textbook evaluation. Below is the framework of this research in short
.
Figure 1. Analytical Construct
Speaking Materials
Sociolinguistics Language and Society
Language and Culture Language and Gender
Solidarity and Politeness Language and Context
Pragmatics context
deixis cooperative
principles implicature
speech acts
person deixis
Address Terms types
functions
social factors
first name FN; title last name TLN; Last name LN; Special nickname SN; Pet name
PN; Kinship terms KT Show intimacy; show power differential; show
respect
particular occasion PO; Rank of othersocial status RO; Age A; Family relationship FR;
Occupational hierarchy OH; Transactional status TS; Degrees of intimacy DI
spatial deixis temporal deixis
English on Sky
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type
This research employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches with the dominance of qualitative approach. Qualitative
approach is employed because the researcher wants to focus on describing the phenomena of address terms that occur in the dialogues.
It is inline with Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009:167 who state that qualitative research does not claim any generalization, it only focuses
on the representation of the phenomena. Meanwhile, the quantitative approach is used to support the data analysis in the form of frequencies.
B. Form, Context, and Source of the Data
The data of this research were in the form of sentences performed in the conversations as the speaking materials in English on Sky books.
This data form is in line with Bungin 2007:103 who says that qualitative data are in the forms of sentences, utterances, and short
stories. Furthermore, Deg 2005:11 states that qualitative data deal with
meaning. The meaning comes from the combination between language and action. The data maybe produced from sources such as field note,
interview, transcript, documents, photographs, sketches, video, and
