Rice for Poor Households Raskin

184 due to additional transportation costs from distribution points, in which case they are saving just IDR20,000 per month off the market price. Through the BLT and PKH programmes, targeted households received additional income directly, consisting of IDR100,000 per month from the BLT programme and IDR600,000–IDR2,200,000 per year from the PKH programme. Individual dimension Household dimension Sex and Age Age group 1 0–14 Age group 2 15–24 Age group 3 25–44 Age group 4 45–64 Age group 5 65+ Male 60.04 55.34 55.42 60.03 68.72 Female 60.26 58 55.53 57.14 64.68 Household Size Less than 3 3–4 members 5–6 members 7+ Women’s Education None Primary Secondary+ Gender of the Head of the Household Male Female Wealth Index Quintiles Q1 poorest Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 richest Work not mutually exclusive categories Both parents working None of the parents working No adult in primary working age 18–54 At least one child under 15 working Illness and Disability in the Household Childchildren with disability High dependency ratio 4+ children per adult Elder 70+ person in household Residence Urban Rural Total incidence 58.23 Table 6.7: Coverage by any form of social protection programme by household characteristics, 2009 Indonesia of Households covered by any form of social protection social insurance andor cash transfers, in-kind transfers from public authorities, employers or charities Source:฀Estimated฀using฀data฀from฀the฀2009฀SUSENAS 58.2 57.66 57.99 61 79.07 70.45 36.54 57.46 65.37 87.25 76.81 64.19 44.41 18.49 60.3 45.13 70.11 66.74 69.36 62.9 66.22 43.06 72.43 If the recipient households were targeted correctly, the three programmes should be received by the same groups of households. Households with the lowest welfare levels or very poor households who meet the requirements of the PKH programme will receive assistance from the PKH, BLT and Raskin 185 programmes. Meanwhile, other households including the very poor households that are not eligible for the PKH will still receive BLT cash payments and Raskin rice. When BLT programmes have been implemented in the past, poor households received assistance of IDR120,000–IDR350,000 per month. At the time of writing this report, when the BLT programme had ceased to be implemented, eligible households should have been able to receive assistance in the range of IDR20,000–250,000 per year. The findings of various studies have indicated that much of the assistance received by households benefitted children. Rice from the Raskin programme was used to feed children, while the savings due to the subsidized cost of the Raskin rice could be used to supplement their nutritional needs with vegetables and sources of protein, as well as other needs. The number of children who benefitted from the Raskin programme was significant – according to 2009 SUSENAS data, the percentage of children from households who were recipients of the Raskin programme was 41.22 per cent of all Indonesian children see Table 6.8. Table 6.8: Children living in households that received various forms of government assistance Indicators Children of all the children in Indonesia 2009 2003 Annual Changes Households that receive health insurance Jamkesmas Households that receive subsidized rice Raskin Households that receive anti-poverty credit KUR Households whose children receive scholarships 15.52 46.1 2.11 7.49 9.34 41.22 5.99 3.65 -1.03 -0.81 0.65 -0.64 Source:฀Estimated฀using฀data฀from฀2003฀and฀2009฀SUSENAS฀Panel,฀except฀scholarship฀from฀SUSENAS฀MSBP฀data฀are฀weighted฀by฀ population. During the qualitative studies in North Jakarta and East Sumba, a few respondents stated that the Raskin programme was very helpful in ensuring adequate food consumption for the family, and reducing the cost of rice. Although the quality of the rice was often poor, this was accepted by households as the price was far below the market price. Assistance from the BLT programme was partially used by recipient households to meet the needs of children. Data from the SUSENAS surveys and analysis by the SMERU Research Institute 2008 based on data from BPS – Statistics Indonesia showed that recipient households used BLT funds to meet various needs. Types of uses that could benefit children directly included food purchases, medical expenses and school fees. A substantial proportion of recipient households used the BLT funds to meet these basic needs; 15−42 per cent used the funds for medical expenses, and 11−27 per cent used the funds for school fees Table 6.9. Table 6.9: Use of unconditional cash transfer BLT funds, 2005 and 2008 Type BLT 2005 BLT 2005 BLT 2008 Phase I Phase I Phase II Phase I Consumption Medical expenses School fees Number of households n 99 42 27 2,685 90 15 11 89 96 41 27 1,968 80 32 13 90 Source:฀Data฀processed฀from฀SUSENAS฀irst฀two฀columns฀and฀SMERU฀Research฀Institute฀next฀two฀columns