Outcomes regarding birth registration

147 the WFCL; ii strengthening the framework of the programmes, policies and legislation on child labour; iii strengthening the capacity of stakeholders to implement action programmes on the elimination of child labour; and iv increasing people’s awareness about the WFCL and the importance of education for all children Table 5.3. In addition to the specific programmes designed for the elimination of the WFCL, the NAP–WFCL also acknowledges the contribution of other government programmes that, although they do not directly address the issue of child labour and the WFCL, have the potential to address some of the causes. These programmes include non-formal education for school dropouts, ‘one-roof’ schools to assist children to attend secondary school locally, BOS programmes, the student scholarships programme, Unconditional Cash Transfers Bantuan฀Langsung฀Tunai, BLT, Conditional Cash Transfers Program฀Keluarga฀ Harapan, PKH, and health insurance for the poor. 10 Table 5.3: Objectives, strategies and programmes of the National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour NAP–WFCL, Stages I and II Stage I 2002–2007 1. Increased public awareness that the worst forms of child labour WFCL must be eliminated. 2. Mapping problems concerning the WFCL as well as mapping efforts that have been made to eliminate them. 3. Realization of the goals for the elimination of the WFCL by giving priority to the elimination of the use of children for: a. offshore fishing and deep-water diving; b. trafficking for prostitution; c. working in mines; d. working in the footwear industry; and e. working in the drug industry and trafficking drugs i.e., narcotics, psychotropic, and other addictive substances. 1. Determining priorities for elimination of the WFCL as part of a gradual process. 2. Involving all stakeholders at every level. 3. Developing and making use of domestic potential. 4. Developing and maintaining collaboration and technical assistance relationships with various international governments and organizations. Stage II 2008–2018 1. Replicating successful models for the elimination of the WFCL implemented in the stage I. 2. Developing programmes to eliminate other WFCL. 3. Developing the policies and instruments needed to implement the elimination of the WFCL. 1. Building the commitment of all stakeholders to prohibit and take immediate action to eliminate the WFCL. 2. Integrating cross-sectoral programmes to eliminate the WFCL. 3. Strengthening coordination and cooperation among all stakeholders at every level to encourage participation in efforts to prevent and withdraw children from the WFCL. 4. Mainstreaming the elimination of WFCL in related policies and programmes, such as compulsory basic education, poverty alleviation, health-care for poor families, community empowerment programme i.e., PNPM Mandiri, etc. 5. Strengthening the capacity of human resources of the ‘action committees’ at national, provincial and districtcity levels. 6. Optimizing the potential of each region in the elimination of the WFCL. Objectives Strategies 10 Most of these programmes are discussed in various chapter of this report. See Chapter 3 for programmes related to education, Chapter 4 for programmes on health and Chapter 6 for cash transfer programmes. 148 1. Mainstreaming and awareness-raising of the issue of child labour: This programme is aimed at increasing public awareness of the prohibition of employing children in the WFCL and the adverse consequences to children engaged in the WFCL. 2. Cooperation and coordination: This programme is aimed at building commitment of government agencies and the public to the elimination of the WFCL. 3. The development of modules for tackling child labour: The modules were guidelines for strengthening the capacity of labour inspectors and other stakeholders in tackling child labour issues. 4. Development of guidelines for collecting data and mapping child labour: The guidelines were intended to encourage each area to obtain accurate data on child labour, the number of children engaged in it, and the types of work. 5. Facilitating the establishment of ‘action committees’ and the development of action plans in the provinces, districts and cities, in order to coordinate and integrate all activities to prevent and retrieve children from the WFCL. 6. Programme to withdraw children from child labour through direct interventions by the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration: This programme was intended to withdraw and prevent children from entering the WFCL by providing school dropouts aged 15–17 years with skills training, their parents with entrepreneurship education, as well as working capital to empower their economy. 7. Preventing and withdrawing children from child labour through the ‘Child Labour Free Zone’ in the district of Kutai Kartanegara, in the province of East Kalimantan: The objective of this programme is to prevent children from entering the WFCL, and to withdraw those who were already involved in the WFCL, by providing them with better access to education facilities so that they could complete nine years of compulsory basic education, and involving their parents in a microcredit scheme to enable them to start a small business of their own. 8. Programmes supported by ILO-IPEC to prevent and withdraw children from child labour: These programmes were intended to prevent children from entering the WFCL and withdraw those who were already involved, by giving them life skills training in the following provinces: North Sumatra, West Java, DKI Jakarta, East Java and East Kalimantan. 9. Programmes to reduce the number of children engaged in child labour through ‘Program Keluarga Harapan’ Conditional Cash Transfer: The objective of the programmes was to withdraw children from work, provide them with assistance in shelters and motivate and prepare them to get back into the education system. Source:฀Secretariat฀of฀the฀National฀Action฀Committee฀on฀the฀Elimination฀of฀the฀Worst฀Forms฀of฀Child฀Labour,฀2010 Note:฀ILO-IPEC฀is฀the฀International฀Labour฀Organization’s฀International฀Programme฀on฀the฀Elimination฀of฀Child฀Labour 1. Development of institutions for the elimination of the WFCL: The objective is to encourage provinces and districtscities to establish ‘action committees’ and develop action plans for the elimination of the WFCL. The target is the establishment of ‘action committees’ in 8 provinces and 358 districtscities. 2. Replication of models: The objective is to replicate and implement models of programmes for the elimination of the WFCL implemented during stage I in other regions during stage II. 3. Programme development: The objective is to develop programmes to eliminate the WFCL in other sectors beyond the five that were initially prioritized. The target is for such programmes to be implemented in all sectors where the WFCL are found. 4. Policies and instruments of implementation: The objective is to develop the policies and instruments to support implementation of the programme to eliminate the WFCL. Programmes 149

5.3.2 Institutional setting and budget

At the central level, the issues of child labour and child trafficking are handled by several committees or task forces involving multiple stakeholders. The most relevant institutions are the National Action Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour NAC–WFCL, Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights Komnas฀HAM, the Indonesian Commission for Child Protection KPAI, and the Task Force for the Prevention and Law Enforcement of Trafficking. As previously mentioned, the NAC–WFCL was established by Presidential Decree No. 122001. The Committee consists of representatives from various government institutions, non-government organizations, business representatives, labour unions, employers associations and academics. Among the government institutions involved are the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration in the role of coordinator and supporting secretariat, the MoHA, the MoNE, the MoH, the MoWECP, the MoSA and the Indonesian National Police Force. The Committee, with all these stakeholders as its members, performed the following tasks: 1 identified child labour issues; 2 formulated a National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour NAP–WFCL; and 3 monitored and evaluated the implementation of programmes. By August 2007, 15 provinces and 60 districts had established regionallocal action committees reflecting the structure and composition of the national committee NAC- WFCL. The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights is an independent state institution. It was formed based on Law No. 391999 with a mandate to carry out research and studies, education, monitoring, and mediation of human rights, including children’s rights. This commission has wide-ranging legal powers and can send recommendations directly to the President, the Parliament, the House of Representatives and other parties for investigation and dialogue. However, the Commission’s recommendations are not legally binding. The Commission also lacks power to enforce the recommendations put forward to companies and enforcement agencies, including to the Attorney General’s office. Another independent state institution responsible for child protection is the Indonesian Commission for Child Protection Komisi Perlindungan฀Anak฀Indonesia, KPAI, established based on Presidential Decree No. 772003 to facilitate the implementation of the articles of Law 232002 on Child Protection. The mandate of this Commission is to conduct dissemination of all the laws and regulations relating to child protection. Responsibilities include: collecting data and information, receiving community complaints, conducting studies, monitoring, evaluation and supervision of programmes and activities relating to the protection of children’s rights. The Commission is required to submit reports, advice, input and suggestions to the President. The members of this Commission include representatives of the government, religious figures, community leaders, charitable organizations, community organizations, professional associations, non-government organizations, businesses, and community groups that are concerned with the protection of children. They are appointed and removed by the President, based upon the advice of the Republic of Indonesia’s House of Representatives Dewan฀Perwakilan฀Rakyat, DPR, for individual terms of three years, and may be reappointed for one additional term Articles 75 and 75, Law No. 232002. Besides these various government institutions, there are several CSO coalitions, such as JARAK the network of Indonesian child labour NGOs, the National Coalition against Trafficking of People, and the National Coalition against Sexual Exploitation of Children, that have been actively engaged in the prevention, rescue, care and treatment of victims or survivors, as well as in providing input for national and sectoral policies. During the first and second CRC periodic reporting period, for example, they were actively engaged in writing shadow reports to the UNCRC Committee. The members of these coalitions have also contributed to the development of pilot projects for the elimination of the WFCL. Some of the projects that have been developed are: 1 removing children from work and sending them back to school; 2 150 moving children from hazardous work places to safer ones; and 3 providing apprenticeships for certain kinds of work. However, there have always been challenges when it came to replicating the pilot projects on a larger scale. Given the multi-stakeholder nature of institutions assigned to tackle child labour and child trafficking, including involvement of multiple national ministries, it is not possible to track the trends of budgetary allocations for these efforts. In order to provide a very rough picture of the resources allocated for the 2010–2014 period, Table 5.4 presents the budget for the cross- sectoral action plan on child protection contained in the RPJMN 2010–2014.

5.3.3 Outcomes regarding working children and child labour

One serious obstacle to monitoring the situation of child labour in Indonesia is the lack of standard definitions used across agencies and data sources, including the national data sets. Discussion of child labour issues involves making a distinction between economically Table 5.4: Cross–sectoral action plan on child protection, National Medium-Term Development Plan 2010–2014 Priority focus activities Formulation and harmonization of the policy on protecting women from violence Strengthening relations and foreign policy with countries in East Asia and Pacific Strengthening relations and foreign policy with countries in South and Central Asia Enhancing efforts for the protection of female labour and the eradication of child labour Rehabilitation and social protection for children Monitoring and implementation of child protection Ministry agency Women’s Empowerment Child Protection Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs Manpower Transmigration Social Affairs Indonesian Commission for Child Protection KPAI Budget allocation 2010–2014 billion IDR 50.1 27.8 18.8 212 58.8 1,717.1 43 Indicators Percentage of violence victims children being served Number of illegal migrants and human trafficking cases being handled Number of illegal migrants and human trafficking cases being handled Number of children rescued from the worst forms of child labour WFCL of children rescued from the WFCL returned to their education or sent to vocational training of employees fulfilling working norms for women and children Availability of policy on protection of women and children Number of supervisors responsible for monitoring the working norms for women and children, having capacity building training Number of neglected children, children livingworking on the street, children with disabilities, and children in conflict with the law Monitoring data on the implementation of child protection at province, district and sub-district levels Number of recommendations on the child protection implementation results Source:฀Nina฀Sardjunani,฀‘Child฀Protection฀Policy฀in฀the฀National฀Medium-Term฀Development฀Plan฀2010–2014’,฀2010 11 11 As presented at the launching of Centre for Child Protection Studies Puska PA, 15 December 2010