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3. Instrument of the Research
The writer uses himself as the instrument to collect the data. The process of collecting the data in this research is divided into four steps, namely a the
writer watches the talk show program Hitam Putih and writes the script from utterances, b the writer chooses the code-switching and code-mixing in the
script, c the writer writes down the data into table, d the writer analyzes the data to know what kind of code-switching and code-mixing and the factors that
influence the usage of code-switching and code-mixing.
4. Unit of Analysis
Unit analysis in this research is the transcript of the utterances between Deddy Corbuzier as the host of Hitam Putih and the guests, Raline Shah and
Dewi Sandra, in Hitam Putih talk show with the discussion about the actresses of 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa film. The program was aired on Trans7 channel on
Monday, November 18 2013.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Bilingualism
According to Bloomfield, bilingual is someone who has a good competence for both language and well to do it together.
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Einar Haugan says, “Bilingualism is someone who has competency to use another language
completely that is not their mother tongue.”
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Spolsky defines, “Bilingual is a person who has some functional ability in the second language. This may vary from a limited ability in one or more
domains, to very strong command of both languages called balanced bilingualism.”
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Related to speech community, Hames and Blanc define, “Bilingualism is the state of a linguistic community in which two languages are in contact with the
result that two codes can be used in the same interaction and that a number of individuals are bilingual.”
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Because that bilingual people usually use their own idioms for in-group communication and the common language for their interaction and
communication with outsiders. In this case, Spolsky says, “The bilinguals have a repertoire of domain-related rules of language choice”, meaning that bilinguals are
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Bloomfield, Leonard. Language. United States: University of Chicago Press. 1933. p. 56.
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Chaer, Abdul. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. 1994. p. 65-66.
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Spolsky, Bernard. Sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 45
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F. J. Hamers H.A.M Blanc, Bilinguality and Bilingualism. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 1987. p. 6.
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