CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Code-Switchhing And Code-Mixing In Hitam Putih Talk Show On November 18 2013
2 assume that there is no relation at all between linguistic structure and social. The
switch of a language into another language in the middle of a conversation, either conscious or unconscious is known as code switching, for example, the use of
Indonesian and Javanese alternately in certain conversation. From the viewpoint of sociolinguistics, many researchers have focused
their attention on examining this phenomenon by the assumption that “some understanding of the nature of code alternation and its meaning in everyday
interaction must be obtained.”
3
It means that the description of code switching is very important to be obtained. Drawing on this assumption, in Jourdan and Tuite,
Poplack and Myers are able to seek universal description for code switching from different angles. Poplack seeks the explanation from the view point of
grammatical structure and process, while Myers seeks the explanation which relates linguistic phenomena to cognitive and social ones.
4
However, both of them are not sure about relations between utterance- level grammar and other forms of
linguistic in this phenomenon. In general, sociolinguistics is the research of the effect of any and all
aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics is
concerned with the correlation between such social factors and linguistics variations social factors in this case are age, religion, sex, gender and occupation”.
3
Marasigan, E. Code Switching and Code Mixing in the Multilingual Socities. Singapore: Singapore University Press. 1983. p. 2
4
Jourdan, C. Tuite, K. Language, Culture and Society: Key Topics in Linguistic Anthropology. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2006. p. 160
3 In using language there are some capabilities needed. In daily conversation
we also find some problems in using language. One of the most striking phenomena in a bilingual’s linguistic performance is the occurrence of the
seemingly random mixing of two languages, both within the two utterances, during a conversational exchange. This linguistic behavior not only attracts
scholarly attention but also raises questions about the various features which characterize language-mixing. As Troike in Wardhaugh says “In every human
being there are many codes and ways contained which can be used by the people to do their society play in role. On the whole codes and ways in speak called
communication repertoire.”
5
By the existence of communication repertoire above, some people have choice in many kinds variety of language. People are usually selecting a particular
code whenever they choose to speak, and they also decide to switch one code or to create a new code. There are two kinds of code. They are code-switching where
people can use two languages in conversation by turns that depends entirely on the situation; and code-mixing where some people either use the elements from
one language in while they were spoken in one foreign language. Gal in Wardhaugh said that code-switching as a conversational strategy
used to establish, cross or destroy group’s boundaries; to create, evoke or change interpersonal relations with their rights and obligation.
6
Code-switching also is the consequence of bilingualism or multilingualism. For example: An English
5
Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic. 4
th
ed. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publisher. 2002. p. 51
6
Wardhaugh, Ronald. Op.cit. 2002. p. 100