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1. Human Instrument
The first instrument used in this research is human instrument. Human instrument refers to the researcher herself. Lincoln and Guba 1985 introduced
the concept of human as instrument to emphasize the unique role that the qualitative researchers play in their inquiry. In this research, the researcher acts as
the person who talks with the English teacher of SMK N 2 Depok Sleman, records the teaching-learning activities, watches the document and analyzes it.
2. Document
The second instrument used in this research is document. Document refers to the recordings of the teaching-learning activities in the classrooms which
contain code switching. The document is used to collect the data about the types and functions of code switching in the classrooms. The document then analyzed
using the theories that have been employed. To ease the data analysis, the researcher made a document observation checklist. The document observation
checklist is chosen since the researcher is going to record the English teacher of SMK N 2 Depok Sleman
when she is teaching. According to Patton 1990, observation can lead to deeper understandings than interviews alone, because it
provides knowledge of the context in which events occur, and may enable the researcher to see things that participants themselves are not aware of, or that they
are unwilling to discuss. The observation checklist later can help the researcher to identify the types and functions of code switching made by the English teacher.
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3. Interview
The third instrument used in this research is interview. Patton 1990 writes about three types of qualitative interviewing: 1 informal, conversational
interviews; 2 semi-structured interviews; and 3 standardized, open-ended interviews. Interview is chosen in order to get the data about the functions of code
switching in English learning. According to Bogdan and Biklen 1982, qualitative interviews may be used either as the primary strategy for data
collection, or in conjunction with observation, document analysis, or other techniques. In this research, the type of questions used in the interview is open-
ended questions. Qualitative interviewing utilizes open-ended questions that allow for individual variations. In this research, the researcher became the interviewer,
while the English teacher of the eleventh grade students of SMK N 2 Depok Sleman
became the interviewee.
D. Data Gathering Technique
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