Factors that Influence the Perception

15 Thus, the students can feel a better integration by using the innovative and technological advances. Bailey, Ellis, Schneider, and Ark 2013 claim that the blended learning is “a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through online delivery of content and instruction with some element of student control over time, place, path, andor pace” p. 1. Based on their statement, blended learning has been a formal education where the students learn through the online delivery right now. It means that the students are also asked to learn independently by controlling their own time, place, path, and or pace. Figure 2.3 Concept of Blended Learning Orange Charter School, 2014 In Figure 2.3, Orange Charter School 2014 describes the concept of the blended learning. In Figure 2.3, there are three parts, namely the time in the classroom face-to-face learning, independent learning online, and collaboration in the classroom and online. The face-to-face learning means that the students learn in the classroom with their lecturer. Then, the online learning means that 16 learning through the online sites, i.e., the students can browse the materials independently. For the collaboration, it means that the students learn in the classroom with the use of online collaboration, i.e., a lecture opens the websites in the classroom and then the students and the lecturer can see the websites together. Blended learning in Figure 2.3 is described between these three parts. The blended learning interacts the face-to-face and online learning. Therefore, the students collaborate on lessons which are learnt in the classroom and what they do themselves through the online sites. This Figure 2.3 is the simple concept of the blended learning. 2 Components of a Blended Learning Arrangement Kerres and de Witt 2003 state the didactical components of a learning arrangement. These didactical components are classified into three components of the blended learning arrangement. Figure 2.4 Components of a Blended Learning Arrangement Kerres de Witt, 2003, p. 4 There are three components of the blended learning arrangement, namely content, communication, and construction. Kerres and de Witt 2003 describe the content