Internet Literacy Technology in Education

17 component “makes learning material available to a learner” p. 3. For this content component if the lecturers want to use the blended learning, the learning materials should be available to the learners, i.e., accessing the materials on websites easily, or distributing the materials. Then, Kerres and de Witt 2003 describe the communication component “offers interpersonal exchange between learners or learners and tutors” p. 3. In this statement, the communication lets the learners to communicate with the face- to-face interaction and the remote areas. Besides, the learners are able to communicate with peers. In the communication component, the learners are also able to communicate with the tutors, i.e., the assignments should be informed clearly. Therefore either the local face-to-face or remote areas, the communication with the peers or learners-tutor should be involved. The last, Kerres and de Witt 2003 describe the constructive component “facilitates and guides individual as well as cooperative learning activities to actively operate on learning tasks or assignments with different degrees of complexity from multiple-choices or problem based learning ” p. 3. It means that the blended learning contains the constructive component which asks the learners to do any kinds of learning tasks on different complexity degrees. Therefore, the students’ ability to think and complete their tasks will have better improvements either individual or in groups. 3 Models of Blended Learning Twigg 2003 describes five models of blended learning in the higher education as cited in Khosrow-Pour, 2015, p. 2474. The higher education here 18 means the university level. Thus, the higher education blended learning models by Twigg 2003 are one of the models which can be used by the students and lecturers in applying the blended learning. The blended learning models by Twigg 2003 are as follows. Table 2.1 Higher Education Blended Learning Models by Twigg 2003 as cited in Khosrow-Pour, 2015, p. 2474