availability also. The second principle, in selecting the materials the students and the teachers are involved because the materials must suit to the students’ needs
and interests. Indeed, the teachers must be expertise and interested in the content areas Brinton, 1989:89-90.
There are eleven points that need to be considered in making decision in selecting texts. They are content authenticity, task authenticity, interest level,
difficulty level, accessibility, availability, packaging, textual aids, supporting materials, flexibility and the other is source Brinton, 1989: 89-90
Regarding this, the writer will use content based instruction because it combines both content learning and language learning. In this case, the writer will
use theme-based language instruction because the topics are selected with students’ interest. After reviewing related theories, now we will summarize the
theories that will be used in this research.
2.2 Theoretical Framework
In the theoretical framework, the writer will discuss the steps in designing materials. Kemp’s instructional design is to be considered as the appropriate
model for the writer’s design materials. The writer employs Kemp’s model because Kemp’s model offers an effective instruction model based on the
learner’s need and characteristic. However, the writer only adapts the Kemp’s design, they are going to be discussed as follows.
a. Learner Characteristic
The writer will conduct research and information collecting. The writer collects the information from the 11
th
grade students of SMA Pangudi Luhur 1
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Yogyakarta about the learners’ needs, difficulties, motivation and interest in learning English language. Indeed, the writer identified entry behaviors and
characteristic of the learners. The information will be gained by distributing the questionnaire. Collecting the data from the 11
th
grade students of SMA Pangudi Luhur 1
Yogyakarta is important because the writer will use the data to design the instructional materials.
b. Considering Goals, Listing Topics and Stating General Purposes
Kemps explains identifying the goals of each topic should be done after listing the topic. It is used for guiding the teachers and the students to achieve the
goal each topic. The topics refer to the syllabus that is made by school. The general purposes will lead the learners to know and understand how o use English
properly.
c. Specifying the Learning Objectives to be Achieved
The writer is going to formulate objectives based on the goals and the data from the needs survey the learning objectives are formulated to measure the
learners’ achievement behavioral outcomes
d. Selecting Teaching Learning Activities and Instructional Resources
In designing the learning activities the writer will apply the strategies in listening lesson including cognitive, metacognitive and social affective strategies.
The instructional materials will consists of three main parts, namely: pre-listening, man listening, post listening. Authentic materials will be used as the listening
materials, because the materials can arouse students’ motivation in learning.
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e. Evaluation and Revision the Designed Materials
