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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer would like to clarify the methodology of the study. This chapter divided into six sections. There are research the method of the
study, research participants, instrument in gathering the data, data gathering, data analysis, and procedures in finishing the thesis.
3.1 Research Method
According to Borg and Gall 1963: 772, the educational research and development RD is a process of developing and validating educational
products. In line with that, educational research and development is different from the basic research, which aims to answer some specific questions about practical
problems. Research and development can translate the basic and applied research finding into usable educational products Borg, 1963: 772.
Borg and Gall also state that RD consists of cycle in which a set of instructional materials of the product is developed. They enlist 10 steps of RD,
but the writer only adopts five steps Borg and Gall, 1963: 775-776. The five steps in R D also covers the theoretical framework, they will be discussed as
follows.
3.1.1 Research and information collecting
It includes review of literature, classroom observation and preparation of report of state of the art. In this step the writer observed the classroom, gained
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information from informal interviewing with the English teacher and distributed the questionnaire for the 11
th
grade students. Based on this data the writer designed materials.
3.1.2 Planning
It includes defining skills, stating objectives, determining course sequence and small scale feasibility testing. In planning, statement of specific objectives is
the most important aspect to research and development. In tthis step identifying the goal was used for guiding the teachers and the students to achieve the goal of
each topic and statement of specific objectives were going to formulate the
objectives based on the goal and the data from the needs survey. The writer analyzed the data and selected the listening materials which were appropriate with
the students needs. In selecting the topic the writer was refer to the school syllabus.
3.1.3 Develop preliminary form of product
The writer developed a set of supplementary materials using authentic materials. Next, for evaluation devices, the writer distributed questionnaire to
three English teachers in SMA Pangudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta and two lecturers in English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.
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3.1.4 Preliminary field testing.
Interview, observational and questionnaire data are collected and analyzed. The purpose of the preliminary field test is to get an initial qualitative evaluation
of the new educational product. After collected the feedback from the expert participants the writer analyzed it.
3.1.5 Main product revision
After gaining the feedback from the expert participants, the writer revised and improved the instructional materials using the gathered data as suggested by
the respondents. The revision and evaluation would be the teaching learning activities orand the materials sources. In the next part the writer discussed the
research participants that participated in the research.
1 Pre-design survey
Pre-design survey covers research and information collecting, planning, and developing the preliminary form of the product. The first study was
conducted in order to get data about the student’s interest, necessities, wants and lacks in learning English. In the research and information collecting, the writer
wanted to obtain data from the 11
th
grade students, in order to know students’ favorite themes, the data was gained by questionnaire to the students. Based on
that data, the writer designed a set of instructional materials using authentic materials for the 11
th
grade students. For planning step, the writer analyzed the data and selected topics which were appropriate for their favorite themes. The
writer should consider whether or not the topic could approach the objectives for
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the students. After having designed the syllabus, the writer developed a set of instructional materials using authentic materials.
2 Post-design survey
Preliminary field testing and main product revision is included is post-design survey. This survey was aimed to gather data from the appropriate and qualified
participants to get feedback on the designed materials. The survey was conducted by distributing and gathering questionnaire.
3.2 Research Participants
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