verb especially in describing behavior or personality for person and they writes all features by using present tense.
C. The Nature of Numbered Heads Together
1. The Definition of Numbered Heads Together
Numbered Head Together is one of techniques in cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is teaching technique which the teacher taught the students in
group that usually consists of four students to discuss about the topic together. The aim of cooperative learning is not only to make students active but also to train them
to socialize, work together and help each other. As Richards states
, “with cooperative learning, students work together in groups whose usual size is two to four members. However, cooperative learning is
more than just putting students in groups and giving them something to do. Cooperative learning principles and techniques are tools which teachers use to
encourage mutual helpfulness in the groups and the active participation of all members”.
22
Cooperative learning has several techniques. Based on Slavin, some techniques in cooperative learning are Students Teams-Achievement Division STAD, Teams-
Games-Tournament TGT, Team Accelerated Instruction TAI, Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC, Numbered Heads Together, Think-
Pair-Share and many more. Then, Olsen and Kagan in Richards and Rodgers stated, the following example in cooperative learning activities likesThree-step interview,
Roundtable, Think-Pair-Share, Solve-Pair-Share, Numbered Heads Together.
23
The writer focuses on Numbered Heads Together as the technique that used in this
research.
22
Jack C. Richards – Willy A. Renandya, Methodology in Language Teaching: AnAnthology
of Current Practice, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p.52.
23
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001, p.198.
Numbered heads together technique is a group working which usually consists of four students, and each student has number 1 until 4, when teacher ask a question,
they put their heads off together to discuss about the answer. Then teacher will call number randomly to answer the question. As Stone stated that
, “numbered heads together NHT is a simple four-step structure. Its main strengths are in building
mastery and in reviewing previously learned information ”.
24
Moreover, Slavin said that, “numbered heads together is basically a variant of group discussion; the twist is
having only one student represent the group but not informing the group in advance whom its representative will be
”.
25
Numbered heads together is a cooperative learning strategy in which students work together to ensure that each member of a group knows the correct answer to
problem or question asked by the teacher.
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It can be said that numbered heads together is a group working which not only consider about the group comprehension
in answering or explaining the answer but also focus on the comprehension of each member of the group. So,each member in the group has a responsibility in certifying
that each member knows the right answer.
2. The Advantages of Numbered Heads Together
According to Richard and Renandya , “Numbered Head Together encourages
successful group functioning because all members need to know and be ready to explain their group’s answers and because, when students help their group mates,
they help themselves and their whole group, because the response given belongs to the whole group, not just to the group member giving it”.
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Then, Based on ACELT Journal, the advantages of numbered heads together are:
24
Jeanne M. Stone, KaganCooperative Learning Reading Activities, San Clemente: Kagan publishing, 2000, p.74.
25
Robert E. Slavin, Cooperative Learning Theory, Research, and Practice 2ed, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon, 1995, p.132.
26
Webb.nmu.eduwebbArchievedHTMLUPCEDmentoringdocsteachingstrategies.pdf
27
Richard and Renandya.loc. cit.
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