Data Descriptions RESEARCH FINDINGS

Table 4.2 Frequency of Pretest of Experimental class Interval score Frequency Percentage 40 – 46 12 30 47 – 53 5 12 54 – 60 13 33 61 – 67 5 12 68 – 74 2 5 75 – 81 2 5 N= 39 2. Statistical Data of Posttest of Experimental Class  Range: H – L 90 – 45 = 45  Class = 1 + 3.3 log n = 1 + 3.3 log 39 = 1 + 3.3 1.59 = 6.25 = 6  Interval = R = 45 = 7.5 dibulatkan 8 K 6 Table 4.3 Frequency of Posttest of Experimental class Interval score Frequency Percentage 45 – 52 4 10 53 – 60 6 15 61 – 68 6 15 69 – 76 15 38 77 – 84 7 17 85 – 92 1 2 N = 39 The tables above describe the students’ pre–test and post–test of the experiment class. Based on the table 4.1, from 39 students in the class, the researcher got mean of pre –test was 54.74 and mean of post–test was 68.33. From table 4.2, it could be seen that there were 12 students who got the smallest score in the interval 40-46 and only two students who got the highest score in the interval 75-81. After giving technique of numbered heads together, the researcher gave them post –test. The data can be seen in table 4.3, the smallest score in the interval 45-52 and the highest score in the interval 85-92. Table 4.4 Students’ score of VIII.2 controlled class Students Pretest Y 1 Posttest Y 2 Gained score Y 1 70 75 5 2 60 70 10 3 70 75 5 4 60 60 5 80 70 -10 6 70 75 5 7 65 80 15 8 45 60 15 9 65 65 10 40 45 5 11 45 75 30 12 65 65 13 80 75 -5 14 50 60 10 15 55 70 15 16 80 65 -15 17 55 65 10 18 60 55 -5 19 40 45 5 20 55 40 -15 21 45 65 20 22 70 75 5 Students Pretest Y 1 Posttest Y 2 Gained Score Y 23 50 65 15 24 50 60 10 25 80 80 26 65 60 -5 27 45 55 10 28 45 55 10 29 60 70 10 30 45 55 10 31 55 60 5 32 80 55 -25 33 60 55 -5 34 70 85 15 35 55 60 5 36 55 70 15 37 50 70 20 38 70 70 10 39 55 60 5 N = 39 ∑Y 1 =2315 Mean: 231539 = 59.36 ∑Y 2 =2515 Mean: 251539 = 64.48 ∑Y =210 Mean: 21039 = 5.38 1. Statistical Data of Pretest of Controlled Class  Range: H – L 80 – 40 = 40  Class = 1 + 3.3 log n = 1 + 3.3 log 39 = 1 + 3.3 1.59 = 6.25 = 6  Interval = R = 40 = 6.66 = 7 K 6 Table 4.5 Frequency of Pretest of Controlled class Interval score Frequency Percentage 40 – 46 8 20 47 – 53 4 10 54 – 60 12 30 61 – 67 4 10 68 – 74 6 15 75 – 81 5 12 N= 39 2. Statistical Data of Posttest of Controlled Class  Range: H – L 85 – 40 = 45  Class = 1 + 3.3 log n = 1 + 3.3 log 39 = 1 + 3.3 1.59 = 6.25 = 6  Interval = R = 45 = 7.5 dibulatkan 8 K 6 Table 4.6 Frequency of Posttest of Controlled class Interval score Frequency Percentage 40 – 47 3 7 48 – 55 6 15 56 – 63 8 20 64 – 71 13 33 72 – 79 6 15 80 – 87 3 7 N = 39 The table 4.4 showed the students’ pre–test and post–test score of the controlled class. From 39 students, mean of pre –test was 59.36 and mean of post– test was 64.48. Meanwhile in table 4.5 showed the smallest pre –test score in the interval 40-46 and the highest score in the interval 75-81. In table 4.6 described the smallest post –test score in the interval 40-47 and the highest score in the interval 80-87. From those tables above, it could be said mean of pre –test in controlled class 59.36 is higher than pre –test in experimental class 54.74. In the other side, mean of post –test in controlled class 64.48 is lower than in experimental class 68.33. Then mean of gained score in controlled class 5.38 is also lower than mean of gained score in experimental class 13.58. However, further calculation is needed to see whether there is significant difference between experimental class and controlled class or not.

B. Analysis of Pre-test and Post-test

1. Normality of the Data Before analyzing the hypothesis, the researcher had to analyze the normality of the data. This analysis is used to see whether or not the data got in the research has been normally distributed. She used the Lyllifors formula to test the normality. In this formula, the data was transformed into the basic value. The maximum dispute T got from the calculation must be in absolute value +. The result of normality can be seen by comparing the value of T max to T table . The criteria of hypothesis: H 1 : T T table H o : T T table Hypothesis: H o : Data of X is normally distributed. H 1: Data of X is not normally distributed. Criteria of the test: In the significant degree of 0.05, the value in the table of Lillyfors shows: T 0.0539 = 0.161 Because n = 39 is not mentioned in the table of Lillyfors, the writer used the closer value to n = 30 H 1 : T 0.161 H o : T 0.161 The result of pre-test normality in experiment class showed that T max T table 0.134 0.161. Conclusion: In the significant degree of 0.05, H o is accepted. It means that the data is normally distributed. The result of post-test normality in experiment class showed that T max T table 0.099 0.161. Conclusion: In the significant degree of 0.05, H o is accepted. It means that the data is normally distributed. The result of pre-test normality in controlled class showed that T max T table 0.135 0.161. Conclusion: In the significant degree of 0.05, H o is accepted. It means that the data is normally distributed. The result of post-test normality in controlled class showed that T max T table 0.109 0.161. Conclusion: In the significant degree of 0.05, H o is accepted. It means that the data is normally distributed. 2 Homogeneity of the Data Based on the calculation of normality, the result that all data in pre-test and post-test of both experiment class and controlled class have been distributed normally. The next step of the calculation was finding the homogenity of the data. The purpose of this calculation was to see whether the data or sample in both classes was homogenous or heterogonous. Hypothesis: H o : The condition of experiment class is not different from controlled class. H 1 : The sample of experiment class is different from controlled class. The criteria of the test: α = 0.05 H o : F αn1-1, n2-2 F F αn1-1, n2-2 H1: F F αn1-1, n2-2 The formula used can be seen as follows 1 : or The calculation can be seen as follows: 1.028 n1-1 = 39-1 = 38 n2-1 = 39-1 = 38 F 0.05n1-1, n2-1 = 1.84 F table From the calculation, it can be seen that F F α n1-1, n2-2 1.028 1.84. Based on the criteria, it can be conclude that H o is accepted. It means that the sample in experiment class and controlled class were homogenous.

C. Hypothesis Testing

The researcher calculated the data to test the hypothesis that whether there is significant different between students’ reading ability in descriptive text in experiment class which given the technique of numbered heads together and students’ reading ability in descriptive text in controlled class without given the technique of numbered heads together. Two classes were compared, the experiment class was X variable and the controlled class was Y variable. She used the result of post –test of experimental class and controlled class. She used statistic calculation of the t-test formula with degree significance 5 in the following table: 1 Budi Susetyo, Statistika Untuk Analisis Data Penelitian, Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2010, p.160