2. The types of Error
Based on surface strategy taxonomy, Dulay classify types of error, such as Omission, addition, misformation, and misordering:
3
1. Omission
Omission errors are characterized by the absence of an item that must appear in a well- formed utterance. Although any morpheme or word in a sentence is an
ommision, this type of erro occure if there is an omission of some required item, such as morpheme or word. For example : Hani is the owner of the new company
The correct one is ; Hani is owner new company 2.
Addition Students not only omit elements, which they regard as redundant, but they also
add dedudant elements. Addition error is the opposite of omission. They are characterized by the presence of an item which must not appear in well- formed
utterance. There are three types of addition errors: a
Double Marking Double Marking Error, occurs when two items with the same feature in a
sentence, but only one item is required For example : He doesn‟t knows my name
The correct is: He doesn‟t know my name
Because, that item rather than one is marked for the same feature tense, in that example, this type of addition error has been called double marking.
b Regularization
A rule typically applies to a class of lingustic items, such as the class of main verbs or the class nouns. There are both regular and irregular forms and
construction in language, learners apply the rules used to produce the regular ones to those that are irregular, resulting in error of regulation. Such as, the
verb eat no become eated ; the noun sheep is also sheep in the plural, not sheeps.
3
Dulay, op. cit., p. 150.
c Simple Addition
Simple Addition error is the use of an item which should mot apperar in well-formed utterance, and they are not double marking or regularization
error. 3.
Misformation Misformation errors are characterized by the use of the wrong form
of the morphemes or structure. In misformation errors the learner supplies something, although it is incorrect.
4. Misordering
Misordering error occurs because of incorrect placement of a morpheme or a group of morpheme in an utterance. Example: he is all the
time late. All the time late is misordered. The correct one is : He is late all the time.
3. The Causes of Error
Error occurs when the students learning foreign language, so the teacher must analyze what kinds of causes of errors that happened to students. Some expert
discuss about causes of errors. Brown states four sources of error, they are : iterlingual transfer, intralingual
transfer, context of learning and communication strategies.
4
a. Intrerlingual Transfer
Interlingual errors happened because the interference of a mother tounge into a target language. In this early stage, before the system of the second
language is familiar, the native language is the only linguistic system in previous experience upon which the learner can draw.
b. Intralingual Transfer
The early stage of language learning is charaterized by a predominance of interlingual transfer, but once the learner have begun to acquire part of the new
system, more and more interlingual generalization within the target language
4
Brown, op. cit., p. 263.
Kategori