The Goal of Error Analysis

3. Dynamic modality, which describes such properties as ability and volition to the subject of the sentences : l can come. Often the same modals verb is used for more than one kinds of modality: may, for possibility it may rain tommorow and permission you may smoke now: must for necessity the plane must have landed by now. And obligation l must go. According to Betty schramfer azhar, the types of modal auxiliaries can be divided into two kinds. First , modal auxiliaries with different meaning such us : can, could, had better, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will and would. Second, modal auxiliaries with similar expression such as: be able to, be going to,be supposed to, be to, have to, have got to, used to. 23 Modal and semi modal can be grouped into three major categories according to thier main meaning excluding used to, which relates to past time. a. Permissionpossibilityability: can, could, may, might b. Obligationneccesity: must, should, had better, Have got to, need to, ought to, be supposed to. c. Volition prediction : will, would, shall, be going to. 24 Can and could are modal auxiliaries that used to assist verb to express ability, possibility and permission. Like other modal auxiliaries can and could are usually placed before the predicates of the sentences in positive sentence, for example : l can swim, he could play guitar. In negative sentences, modal need “Not” between modal and verb, for example: I cannot swim, he colud not play guitar. In interrogative sentence, for example : Can I swim? Could he play Guitar?

3. Sentence pattence of modal

Sentence is a group of word that contains at least object and one verb. A sentence expresses a complete thought. 25

a. Positive sentence

The pattern of modal auxiliaries in the positive sentences is: 23 Betty Schramfer Azhar, Understanding and Using English Grammar p. 68. 24 Stig Johanson, Geoffy Leechand Doughlas Bibes, Longman Grammar of spoken and Written English, London: Edinburgh gate 2000, p. 485. 25 Alice Oshima Anna Oaline, Introduction to Academic Writing 3rd Edition, New York: Pearson education, inc. 2007, p. 11.