Translation Strategies ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

ii. NO TEXT ST17210 Dan, dirinya adalah debu yang paling ingin cepat dikibas. TT17160 He, her husband, was no more than a speck of dust. The translation shows that everything is basically still translated in its denotative meaning. However, there has been an explicit difference between the source text and the target text. It could be noticed that the phrase yang paling ingin cepat dikibas to dust off instantly, which acts as a modifier, is not literally translated. It has been altered by using the phrase “no more than”. This phrase contextually has the same idea of saying yang paling ingin cepat dikibas. The idea is to indicate the quality of the subject as unimportant. iii. NO TEXT ST20215 [Dan, Rana merasa jauh lebih baik dalam dekapan Re dibandingkan obat atau infus apa pun yang dicerapkan ke dalam tubuhnya.] Kamu di sini saja, jadi obatku, bisik Rana. TT20163 Your being here is the best medicine I could have, she whispered. In this example, the contextual translation is indicated by the fact that the translation experiences transposition change of grammar without any significant changes of meaning. The translation consists of only one sentence, however, the message of the text is taken from two sentences in the source text. This is where the transposition occurs. It is considered as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI faithful translation since the meaning is contextually precise and the choice of words does not indicate any explicit differences. c. Semantic Translation There are 3 data which apply Semantic Translation. They are as follows: TT333, TT21164, TT22165. The following are the examples. i. NO TEXT ST334 [Tidak ada yang tahu betapa sulitnya pertanyaan itu. Re dipaksa untuk menyusuri kelamnya gua masa kecil yang penuh lumpur. Mungkin inilah gorong- gorong saluran sekresi psikologis. Tidak heran Freud tergila-gila.] Tak ada yang lebih menarik daripada menyaksikan seseorang menyelam ke septic tank kotorannya sendiri. TT333 She does not realize how difficult that question is. It forced him back into the small dark cave of his childhood, which was filled with mud and slime. The muck that clogged his subconscious. No wonder Frued is so popular. Nothing is more interesting than watching a man drowning in the swamp of his own being. The sentence is considered as semantic translation since the translation is supporting the source text in terms of meaning within the constrain on target language grammar and also takes the choice words of the text into account. That means there has been more consideration to choosing certain words, which are not only based on their denotative and connotative meanings, but also based on how they work and function in the target language. Explicitly, this sentence could be regarded as a translation that applies faithful translation. However, the functional equivalents of the word menyelam and the phrase “septic tank” indicate that there is more than just a contextual translation. Firstly, the word menyelam carries a dennotative meaning of to dive. It is based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 2011. It basically means “to swim under water”. Meanwhile, the word “drowning” basically also means “to go under water”. However, it differs in a way there is no sense of control in drowning. This different sense is realized in the translation as a form of interpretation. The sense of this particular word might be different, but the sense of the idea of the text is still the same. Menyelam ke septic tank diving into a septic tank is clearly a very unpleasant activity, thus it might not feel like diving, it might feel more like drowning anyway. To use drowning rather than diving is to use a more appropriate diction since drowning conveys a more negative sense than diving. This strengthens the impression which this sentence wants to convey, which is how uncomfortable this activity is. Secondly, the phrase “septic tank” carries a dennotative meaning of “an underground container for holding human waste”. Meanwhile, the w ord “swamp” means “a land which is always very wet or covered with a layer of water ”. Those two might seem as two different things, but they are contextually the same. It is because it is stated that “the swamp is full of his own being ”. It means that the idea is still the same. The place which is being described is filthy, but the translated version does not exactly specify the place as “septic tank”. Nonetheless, they contain the same thing. To use “swamp of his own being” rather than “septic tank” is to consider how the word corresponds with the idea of drowning. Swamp in general must be bigger and deeper than a septic tank and it is more common to portray someone drowning in a swamp than in a septic tank. This whole explanation is based on how the words are defined and how they function based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Keempat and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. ii. NO TEXT ST21216 Ya, Putri, tentu saja aku bersedia jadi obatmu. Aku relakan diriku untuk kau telan, kau minum, kau kunyah, atau kau emut. TT21164 Yes, Princess, Im ready to be your medicine. You can chew me, suck me, drink me and swallow me. The reason why this translation is considered as applying semantic translation is because the translation process does not only attempt to translate it based on its denotative and contextual meaning, but also to consider the word arrangement. As could be seen, the phrases kau telan, kau minum, kau kunyah, and kau emut are translated to their denotative meanings. However, the orde r has been changed: instead of “swallow me, drink me, chew me, and suck me”, they are put as “chew me, suck me, drink me, swallow me”. It is clear that they are put in a more logical order in order to be more reasonable. The first three ones might not be really significant, since a medicine could be consumed in any way, but to swallow is indeed supposed to be the final step. This change signifies the application of semantic translation. 2. Functional Communication Among 30 data, there are 3 data which employ this strategy. The strategies employed are Free Translation and Communicative Translation. a. Free Translation There is 1 data which applies Free Translation. The data is as follows. NO TEXT ST234 [Tidak ada yang tahu betapa sulitnya pertanyaan itu. Re dipaksa untuk menyusuri kelamnya gua masa kecil yang penuh lumpur.] Mungkin inilah gorong-gorong saluran sekresi psikologis. [Tidak heran Freud tergila-gila. Tak ada yang lebih menarik daripada menyaksikan seseorang menyelam ke septic tank kotorannya sendiri.] TT233 She does not realize how difficult that question is. It forced him back into the small dark cave of his childhood, which was filled with mud and slime. The muck that clogged his subconscious. No wonder Frued is so popular. Nothing is more interesting than watching a man drowning in the swamp of his own being. The sentence is considered as free translation since it explicitly does not imitate the source text in terms of style, form, and content, yet still manages to communicate the message. In the source text, there is a description of a place where all the so- called “psychological waste” are PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI put. The word sekresi signifies the idea that those “psychological waste” are supposed to be rid of. It is because, according to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Keempat 2008 as the reference, sekresi is where all the waste belong. Since the context here is on someone‟s state of mind, it is reasonable to say that the waste refers to the waste in o ne‟s mind: his psychological state. In other words, or in a more realistic description, it talks about things in the past that someone wants to forget. This idea is then int erpreted and translated as “the muck that clogged his subconscious”.”The muck” refers to the “psychological waste” which is the idea behind the word sekresi. Meanwhile, “clogged” here refers indirectly to gorong-gorong tunnelwater channel, which is not uncommon to be blocked or clogged. This is in reference to Kamus Inggris Indonesia Edisi Yang Diperbarui. “Subconscious” refers to the word psikologis, as well as to the whole particular context that this description is talking about something which occurs on someone‟s mind. This whole explanation justifies why the message of the source text is still delivered although in different style, form, and content. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI b. Communicative Translation There are 2 data which apply Communicative Translation. One of the examples is as follows: NO TEXT ST19124 [Tanpa kamu, ide-ide di otakku seperti mulut tanpa lidah. Tidak ada artinya.] Kamu adalah pesawat yang menyeberangkan nuansa dalam kepalaku ke format yang bisa dimengerti. TT19162 You are the means by which the nuances in my mind find expression in a way other people can understand. The sentence is considered as communicative translation since it explicitly does not imitate the source text. It is also clearly not an adaptation and as it still preserves the content, it must be not a free translation. The translation rather focuses on a more reasonable content and language of the target text, which means it applies communicative translation strategy. It could be seen that the source text is translated in a clearer and shorter way. The contents which are recognized as necessary are kept: “you”, “nuances”, “mind”, and “understand”. They are then expressed briefly by dismissing the parts which might be considered to be avoidable: mulut tanpa lidah, pesawat, menyeberangkan nuansa, and format. Those words potentially do not articulate the meaning well if they are translated, say imitatively. Even if they could articulate the meaning well, they are still not a must. They are PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI only there as elevated words which function as complements. The main idea is still carried by the other content words mentioned before. That is why it is justifiable to classify this as communicative translation.

B. The Metaphors

Among 31, there are 27 translations which manage to maintain the metaphorical expressions and 4 data which do not. The data from source text are compared to the target text in order to see whether the data in the target text still preserve the metaphorical expressions or not. When the target text data still preserve metaphorical expression, each of them is analyzed to determine whether the type of metaphor they preserve is the same as in the source text. Besides, the metaphor translation procedure is also taken into account to see how exactly the metaphor is preserved or is not. 1. The Maintained Metaphor The data are categorized as maintained metaphor when they satisfy the requirements of a metaphor in terms of form andor meaning, which are based on Newmark‟s theory on metaphor. There are 27 data which maintain the metaphorical expressions. Those data could be categorized into three: Original Metaphor into Original Metaphor, Stock Metaphor into Stock Metaphor, and Original Metaphor into Dead Metaphor. a. Original Metaphor into Original Metaphor There are 17 data which preserve the original metaphor in the source text to the target text. They are as follows: TT133, TT233, TT333, TT561, TT789, TT891, TT12154, TT14157, TT17160, TT19162, TT22165, TT24171, TT25171, TT26172, TT27177, TT28177, TT29185. The following are the examples. i. NO TEXT MTP ST572 Tidak ada yang ramah dan menyenangkan dari mata- mata liar yang menjalari tubuh dan melahap kaki jenjangnya. It employs the 1 st metaphor translation procedure. TT561 There was nothing friendly about the cruel looks which crawled over her body and devoured her long legs. Firstly, it is an original metaphor since the comparison is based on what happens in the story. It is about a group of people staring to the body of a female model on stage. Secondly, the original metaphor is translated still as an original metaphor by reproducing the same objects and images of the source text in the target text. It could be seen that mata-mata liar, tubuh, and kaki jenjangnya as objects are translated as “cruel looks”, “body”, and “her long legs”. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Meanwhile, menjalari and melahap as images are translated as “crawled” and “devoured”. It means that the original metaphor is maintained by using the first metaphor translation procedure. ii. NO TEXT MTP ST12201 [Bisanya cuma ngomong tinggi.] Saya dan masalah saya cuma kamu anggap remah-remah kue, sementara kamu sibuk melalap potongan kue yang lebih besar. It employs the 1 st and 2 nd metaphor translation procedures. TT12154 [You talk big, but you dont care about me and my problems.] Im stuck with the crumbs and youre feasting on some fantastic banquet. Firstly, it is an original metaphor since the comparison is based on what happens in the story. It is about a person who believes that the person she talks to sees her as insignificant. Secondly, the original metaphor is translated still as an original metaphor by reproducing the same object and image, as well as replacing an image with another equal image in the target text. It could be seen that the objects, saya and masalah saya are still translated as the same objects although they experience transposition. The two images however are treated differently. The first image, remah- remah kue is turned into the same image, “crumbs”. The second image, potongan kue yang lebih besar is turned into a different yet functionally PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI equal image, “fantastic banquet”. It means that the original metaphor is maintained by using the first and second metaphor translation procedures. iii. NO TEXT MTP ST24226 Kenangan adalah batu- batu di antara aliran sungai. It employs the 3 rd metaphor translation procedure. TT24171 Memories are like rocks at the bottom of a river. Firstly, it is an original metaphor since the comparison is based on what happens in the story. It is about how a person symbolizes memories personally. Secondly, the original metaphor is translated still as an original metaphor by changing the form into simile. The object and the image, however, are still the same. Kenangan is translated as “memories” while batu-batu di antara aliran sungai as “rocks at the bottom of a river”. It means that the original metaphor is maintained by using the third metaphor translation procedure. iv. NO TEXT MTP ST234 [Tidak ada yang tahu betapa sulitnya pertanyaan itu. Re dipaksa untuk menyusuri kelamnya gua masa kecil yang penuh lumpur.] Mungkin inilah gorong- gorong saluran sekresi psikologis. [Tidak heran Freud tergila-gila. Tak ada yang lebih menarik daripada menyaksikan seseorang menyelam ke septic tank kotorannya sendiri.] It employs the 5 th metaphor translation procedure. TT233 [She does not realize how difficult that question is. It forced him back into the small dark cave of his childhood, which was filled with mud and slime.] The muck that clogged his subconscious. [No wonder Frued is so popular. Nothing is more interesting than watching a man drowning in the swamp of his own being.] Firstly, it is an original metaphor since the comparison is based on what happens in the story. It is about a description of a psychological state of a character. Secondly, the original metaphor is translated still as an original metaphor by changing the object and the image into another metaphorical expression resulted from the sense of the original object and image. It means that the original metaphor is maintained by applying the fifth metaphor translation procedure.