Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

They are object, image, sense, metaphor, and metonym. Those five terms are essential. Here is the table of their definitions. Table 1. Terms in Comprehending Metaphor NO TERMS DEFINITIONS EXAMPLES 1 Object The item which is described by the metaphor Rooting out the faults 2 Image The item in terms of which the object is described Rooting out the faults rooting up weeds 3 Sense The „point of similarity‟, which shows in what particular aspects the object and the image are similar Rooting out the faults a To eliminate b With tremendous personal effort 4 Metaphor The words taken from the image Rooting out the faults rooting out 5 Metonym A one-word image which replaces the object, which may later become a dead metaphor The „fin‟ of a motor cycle Source: Newmark 1981:85 However, the above mentioned terms are not the only thing which is essential in understanding metaphor. In further elaboration, Newmark also gives more details about a classification of metaphor. There are six types of them: dead metaphor, cliché, stock metaphor, adapted metaphor, recent metaphor, and original metaphor. The six of them are different in a way how they have been used. One important thing to notice is Newmark argues that for cliché and stock metaphor, they do not necessarily need to be distinguished. It is because they are overlapping, which means they range in common with each other. Many stock metaphors are clichés. That is why, in this research, they are identified as the same. It means there will be only five types of metaphors employed here. The table of the five types of metaphor as follows: Table 2. Types of Metaphor NO TYPES of METAPHOR EXPLANATION EXAMPLES 1 Dead Metaphor Expression which is still metaphorical by nature, but has been overused that it is commonly no longer perceived as metaphor Time is running out. 2 Stock or Cliché Metaphor A metaphor which has been established that could be understood easily even without any particular context You are my breath. 3 Adapted Metaphor A cultural and historical metaphor which has been readjusted to a new context The early bird catches the worm. a proverb 4 Recent Metaphor A new metaphor which has been widely used in general The world is a vampire. “Bullet with Butterfly Wings”, by Smashing Pumpkins 5 Original Metaphor A metaphor which is personal or invented for particular purpose based on certain context Gregor Samsa turning into in an insect in Kafka‟s Metamorphosis Compiled from Newmark 1981:86 3. Theory of Translation Strategies In his book, Newmark states that translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language 1981:7. In making this attempt, there are strategies which are employed. The strategies, in his explanation, could be categorized as methods and procedures. Methods deal with the whole text while procedures deal with smaller chunks of a text. In this undergraduate thesis, the concern is only over the methods. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI