Dialect is used both for local varieties of English, e.g. Yorkshire dialect, and for various types of informal, lower class, or rural speech. Wardaugh, 2010: 25
Based on Finch, grammar has of a set of rules of well-formed constructions which will be followed by native speakers. Grammar can be applied in number of
different uses and interpretations. Grammar is known as principles when the language operates. Finch, 2000: 20
Grammatical feature contains a class of units such as noun and verb or features such as number and case that share a common set of grammatical properties.
grammar.about.comodfhggrammaticalcategory.htm, August 4, 2015
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter will be divided into three parts. There are review of related studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework. In the first part, the studies that
have been done on the same topic or the same literary work are given. The studies similar to this thesis are taken from Widyatmoko’s and Anthony Fox’s ones. In the
second part, some related theories that help to answer the questions mentioned in the previous chapter are presented. In the last chapter, how the theories are applied to
answer the questions is explained.
A. Review of related Studies 1.
Widyatmoko’s undergraduate thesis “English Negation as a Dialect Feature in Tom Sawyer’s Speech in Mark Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry
Finn”
The undergraduate thesis discusses the dialect features in negative construction of Tom Sawyer, one of the characters of Mark Twain’s novel The
Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. In his daily life, Tom Sawyer uses Non Standard English to talk to others. Yet, he knows Standard English by reading books.
Widyatmoko finds four negative constructions that are used by Tom Sawyer. They are ain’t, hain’t, warn’t, and double negation. Ain’t is a negative construction of
copula + not, hain’t is a negative construction of has + not or have + not, and warn’t
is a negative construction of was + not or were + not. Tom Sawyer uses those negative constructions in every negative sentence. Besides, he also uses Standard
English’s negative constructions does not and do not to make double negative. Widyatmoko also analyzes Tom Sawyer’s purpose to use language choice by
viewing the use of Tom Sawyer’s dialect feature in negative construction. Widyatmoko finds out two purposes, feeling solidarity and showing power. It shows
that Tom Sawyer uses Non Standard English to build solidarity. In other case, Tom Sawyer uses Standard English to influence people that have lower social class than
him. It can be seen that although this present thesis and Widyatmoko look alike,
they are still different. This present thesis wants to analyze all of grammatical patterns that are used by Martha and Ben Weathestaff, as characters in The Secret
Garden novel whereas Widyatmoko only analyze the pattern on negatives construction that are used by Tom Sawyer. Another difference also lies on novels that
are used. This present thesis uses Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden whereas Widyatmoko uses Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. However, in third
problem in this present thesis has the same topic with Widyatmoko’s. This present thesis also wants to analyze the purpose of using language choice.
2. Anthony Mary Fox research’s “The Controversy Goes On: Standard vs.
Black Dialect”
The research discusses the black dialect that is used by black students in American school. In their school, black students have to speak with General
American dialect. It is shown that black students sometimes have big fear since teachers in their school always state that their language is incorrect. The writer says
that the child’s black dialect should be accepted since it has a complete grammatical system related to the American dialect. The writer also gives patterns of black dialect
based on Ralph W. Fasold and Walt Wolfram such as “s” or “es” suffix that is not a part of the grammar of black dialect he do, we do, you do, they do, black children
usually say aks for ask due to the fact that blacks learn originally from the supervisor in the field who speak a non-standard English and the use of the archaic English form
of aks for ask. It is said that the teacher should teach black students about what Standard
English is and also how and where it differs from non-standard English. The writer says that even though black dialect and American dialect are different, it cannot be
stated that one dialect is “right” or “wrong”. Both this present thesis and Mary Fox’s research wants to analyze dialect. In
her research, Fox states that such dialect cannot be said as right or wrong dialect. This present thesis also wants to analyze the Yorkshire dialect and its grammatical
patterns. The Yorkshire dialect also cannot be stated as a corrupt language. Yet, this
