Perception on Learning Perception

17 feedback after finishing their speaking therefore the students could not be afraid of speaking and making errors. 3 The importance of group work or pair work, and limiting teacher talks In teaching speaking, the teacher should limit the talking in front of the classroom. However, the teacher should give the opportunities for the students to talk. Bailey Savage 1994 state that the pair works and group works activities can be used to increase the amount of time that the learners get to speak in the target language during lessons. Therefore a pair work or a group work makes students learn to speak the language effectively. 4 Involving negotiation for meaning The negotiation for meaning is the interaction to communicate in the target language in order to understand and to be understood. The teacher should provide time which involves the process that is called negotiation for meaning. 5 Involving guidance and practice in both transactional and interactional speaking The difference between the transactional and interactional speaking is on the purpose. The purpose of the transactional is primarily on the meaning of the message but the interactional speaking is focusing on maintaining and establishing social relationship. The next section will discuss the nature of role play.

3. Scripted Role Play

In this part, there are some theories related to scripted role play. 18

a. The Nature of Role Play

In this study, the term role play and scripted role play can be used interchangeably. Golebiowska 1990 confirms that role play is a communicative activity in which the learners are given a task to complete. Meanwhile, Harmer 1998 claims that role plays are an excellent way to get students interacting with one another and practicing target vocabulary using life real scenarios. The role play allows students to see and experience how English can be used outside the classroom. Littlewood 1981 outlines if a teacher uses a scripted role play, the learners can imagine themselves in any situations. The scripted role plays refer to role play activities that allow the students to prepare scripts in advance and to rehearse them before performing. The effectiveness of role play activities in improving students’ oral skills has been demonstrated in a number of quantitative research studies Alwahibee, 2004. The students will be able to attain language accuracy, appropriacy, and fluency when performing the scripted role play activities Ding Liu, 2009. There are two kinds of role plays. According to Byrne 1986 a role play can be grouped into two forms, scripted and unscripted role plays. The scripted role play involves the interpreting either the textbook dialogue or reading text in form of speech. The main function of the text is to convey the meaning of language items in a memorable way. Doff 1988 gives an example of a scripted role play dialogue and reading text and how the process is carried out: