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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This part consists of three parts. They are object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study explains the description of
the novel studied. Approach of the study elaborates a psychological approach discussed in the study. The method of the study explains the procedures of
analysing the study.
A. Object of the Study
This Earth of Mankind is the object of this study. It was written in 1975 by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, one of the Indonesian famous authors. It was released
for the first time in Bahasa Indonesia version at 1980. The book was translated by Max Lane from the original language and the original title Bumi Manusia in 1981.
In this study, the researcher uses the English translation version by Max Lane. The English version of this novel was first published in Australia by Penguin Book
Australia Ltd at 1982. This novel consists of 368 pages and it is divided into twenty chapters.
This novel tells about Minke, a young intelligent Javanese student who lives in Java among the colonists and colonised in the late nineteenth century. He
is desperately in love with Annelies Mellema, a mix Dutch-Native Indonesian lady. In this novel, there is also a character named Nyai Ontosoroh, a Javanese
who becomes a Dutch concubine, who is also a mother of Annelies and later
29 becomes Minke’s mother-in-law. Pramoedya Ananta Toer pictures an Indonesian
life during the colonialism era which involved the struggling life, hatred, and love. In This Earth of Mankind, Pramoedya Ananta Toer also describes the role of
woman especially a nyai in Java. Nyai Ontosoroh, as one of the main characters of the story, is a Javanese
concubine of a Dutch man named Herman Mellema. Her original name is Sanikem, a village girl from a kampong in Tulangan p.94 who later is sold by
his father to become a concubine. After feeling the importance of having a proper education, she stepped out the image of Javanese concubine and broke out her
expected role as a nyai. She became someone who was able to dress herself well, smart, and able to manage the family companies.
B. Approach of the Study
The researcher used the application of the psychological approach to answer the two presented research problems. According to the theories explained
in the previous chapter, psychological approach is used to examine why the needs, interest and desires urge people in motivating them reaching something in their
life. This approach is also suitable to be applied in the study because it is able to
help the researcher identify the needs and strong interests of Nyai Ontosoroh in her life. It also helps the researcher to find out her motivation changing to break
her role as a Sanikem, a girl from the small kampong who does not know anything and is not well educated to become a nyai who controls the family business and
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