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Figure 3.2 The Modified Hierarchical Pyramid of Maslow’s Theory of Needs Maslow, 1971
a. Biological and Physiological Needs
The first stage of the hierarchy is the biological and physiological needs. The reason is because it is related to the physical needs of human beings to
survive in this world for instance the food and oxygen. People who are in lack of food will always try to satisfy their needs of it first before fulfilling their other
needs p.38. Therefore, to analyse the motivation changing of Nyai Ontosoroh, the
researcher will have to find out her biological and physiological needs, whether she has already had them fulfilled or not. By knowing that, the researcher can
have a clear opinion related to her characteristics. On the other hands, by knowing her physiological needs, the researcher can also know the reasons why her
motivation keeps changing from time to time.
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b. Safety Needs
When one is satisfied with their physiological needs, they will feel the urge also to fulfil their safety needs. Each of the human beings in this world needs
the security in living their life. They need the feeling of being secured and safe as well as out of danger p. 40.
c. Love and Belongingness Needs
According to Maslow, love is a healthy affectionate relationship between people that include the mutual trust. It always requires the act of giving and
receiving the love itself pp. 40-41. Therefore, when the physical and safety needs are fulfilled, one will feel the needs to love, give and receiving love as well
as affection in his life.
d. Esteem Needs
According to Maslow, esteem needs are divided into two categories that are self-esteem and self-respects. Self-
esteem includes one‟s desire for confidence, the competence mastery, achievement, adequacy, independence and
freedom. On the other hands, self- respect will include one‟s prestige, recognition,
acceptance, attention, status, reputation and appreciation from other people. In addition to that, Maslow also says that if one‟s self-esteem is inadequate, that
person will have the feeling of inferiority and helplessness. It may result in the discouragement and possible neurotic behaviour p.42.
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