2 Prepare to make a list of the words in the sentence containing reference.
3 Rewrite and note the sentence according to the types of reference.
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
The data were qualitatively analyzed based on the theory Cohesion by Halliday and Hasan. All the data were classified based on the types of the
reference. The analysis was continued by analyzing how reference items were presented in Bhagavad-Gita. To know how the way to presented the reference
must be known at first, then it can be determined whether items refer to outside the text exophoric or inside the text endophoric. When refer to the item inside
the text, it may refer to cataphorically or anaphorically. The reference items found in every sentence were signalled by bold and circle forms. The theory of cohesion
by Halliday and Hasan was used to determine the types of references in the text to answer first and second problem. Besides, theory discourse proposed by David
Nunan was used to support in analysing types of reference.
1.5.4 Method and Technique of Presenting the Analysis
This study used descriptive method in presenting the analysis. First, in order to answer the first problem, the data was classified into the types of
reference, by showing the data in the form of sentence. The data were in bold and circle form. Finally, in the second problem, the data are shown in bold, circle, and
arrow. Then, the analysis described descriptively and in form of table. As a result, the readers can understand it easily.
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS AND
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Review of Literatures
In order to get a deeper understanding in analysing the types of references that occur in the article, it is important reconsider several studies and
undergraduate theses which have been written previously and correlated with the topic of character analysis.
Suwendra 2009 on his thesis entitled “The Analysis of Reference in The Sport Articles of the Jakarta Post” , investigates the types of reference items that
occur in the English text and to analyse reference chains presented in the text. The theory used is proposed by Halliday and Hasan 1992 combined with theory of
Discourse Analysis by David Nunan 1993, in which he states that theory of discourse is the interpretation of the communicative event in the context.
Widiasih 2008 , the thesis entitled “The Analysis of Reference Items in
the Article Jakarta Post”. This thesis analyzes the types of the reference that used in the in the articles and identifies the textual relations that are presented in the
article. The theory used in this thesis is proposed by M.A.K. Halliday and Hasan. The supporting theory is proposed by David Nunan. In this thesis, the data is
analyzed by qualitative method. The analysis shows that the types of reference that appear are Personal Reference, Demonstrative Reference, and Comparative
