Method and Technique of Analyzing Data Method and Technique of Presenting the Analysis

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS AND

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Review of Literatures

In order to get a deeper understanding in analysing the types of references that occur in the article, it is important reconsider several studies and undergraduate theses which have been written previously and correlated with the topic of character analysis. Suwendra 2009 on his thesis entitled “The Analysis of Reference in The Sport Articles of the Jakarta Post” , investigates the types of reference items that occur in the English text and to analyse reference chains presented in the text. The theory used is proposed by Halliday and Hasan 1992 combined with theory of Discourse Analysis by David Nunan 1993, in which he states that theory of discourse is the interpretation of the communicative event in the context. Widiasih 2008 , the thesis entitled “The Analysis of Reference Items in the Article Jakarta Post”. This thesis analyzes the types of the reference that used in the in the articles and identifies the textual relations that are presented in the article. The theory used in this thesis is proposed by M.A.K. Halliday and Hasan. The supporting theory is proposed by David Nunan. In this thesis, the data is analyzed by qualitative method. The analysis shows that the types of reference that appear are Personal Reference, Demonstrative Reference, and Comparative Reference. The reference is also presented in the form of textual relation such as anaphoric reference and cataphoric reference. Prajanata 2007 on her thesis entitled “The analysis of Personal Reference in the Chi ldren Story “Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves”, present the problems of what types of personal references are used in the children story entitled Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves and how they are presented in the children story entitled Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves. The theory used is proposed by Halliday and Hasan 1976 entitled Cohesion in English. The finding of research is that the types of personal references are found in this children story but there is no possessive pronoun in this children story. The total of personal reference is the third person reference, he and they, and the possessive determiner his and their. The similarity from three theses above with the present study is in the main theory that applied, namely “Cohesion In English” by M.AK. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan 1967. However, the differences among these theses with others are about the data source. In the first thesis, the analysis of reference are in the sport articles of the Jakarta Post. The second analysis is the textual relations that are presented in the Jakarta Post. The last thesis is more focused on analysis of Personal Reference in the Children Story “Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves”. In these theses is more focused on analysis of reference in Bhagavad-Gita. Besides, the distinction of this theses with other theses is in presenting data. This study presents the data in form of descriptive and table.