Research Method Source of Data

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the process in gathering and analyzing the data. It describes research method, source of data, research instrument, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

This study was such a qualitative research. As stated by Leedy and Ormrod 2005: 133, a qualitative research focuses on understanding social phenomena in their natural setting. In order to conduct and organize the steps or procedures of this study well, the writer needed an appropriate methodology. Since this study was conducted to comprehend a language phenomenon which existed in printed mass media, in this case English code-switching in Indonesian sport tabloids, a document analysis was considered as the most appropriate method. Leedy and Ormrod 2005: 142 explained that a document analysis is “a detailed and systematic examination of the contents of a particular body of material for the purpose of identifying patterns, themes, or biases. It is typically performed on form of human communication, including books, newspapers, films, television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions, and transcripts of conversations.” Therefore, based on the statements above, the writer conducted to analyze the resources in the form of Indonesian sport tabloids BOLA, SOCCER, 18 MOTOR PLUS tabloids which have social phenomena in language use since discovered a lot of the use of English code-switching in their articles prominently.

B. Source of Data

The writer chose three Indonesian sport tabloids as the object of the study. They were BOLA tabloid, SOCCER tabloid, MOTOR Plus tabloid as the main source of data dealing with the use of code-switching. Since those three sport tabloids were weekly tabloids, the writer employed 8 editions of BOLA tabloid, 4 editions of SOCCER tabloid, and 4 editions of MOTOR Plus tabloid. Thus, those three sport tabloids totally consisted of 16 editions that were published during a month. Ary, et al 2002: 386 stated that “the more material analyzed, the more valid the conclusions from the study”. Those sport tabloids observed were as follows: BOLA tabloid from No. 1909 to 1916March2009, SOCCER tabloids from edition 35 to 38IXMarch2009, and MOTOR Plus tabloid from edition 523 to 526March2009. In order to make well-organized data and reduce the mistakes in understanding it, the data were grouped into five categories. Those were news, opinion, feature, advertisement, and fiction. Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Seventh Edition Hornby, 2005, news is an article which contains a report of events, or recent issues and or recent information about sports, games, and gadgets. Opinion is an article which shows the writer’s feeling or thought. Feature is special article and regular article which always appear in sport tabloids. It could be soccer quiz or players’ profile in a game. Advertisement 19 is an article of picture or a notice which tells the readers about product, job, place, or service. The last is fiction. It is a story which exists in sport tabloids.

C. Research Instrument