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F. Research Procedure
This section illustrated the procedures of this study which were organized and done to obtain in-depth comprehension of the phenomenon being studied.
There were six steps conducted to accomplish the research.
1. Selecting the Target Tabloids
There were 16 editions of three sport tabloids, those were BOLA tabloid, SOCCER tabloid and MOTOR Plus tabloid as the target tabloids of this study
dealing with the employment of code-switching in their entire contents. The writer chose the editions that were published during March 2009.
2. Designing the Observation Forms
In order to ease in categorizing or accommodating the data of code- switching cases discovered in the target tabloids, designing the observation forms
was needed.
3. Listing the Code-switching Cases on the Observation Forms
After designing the observation forms, the code-switching cases that had been already discovered were listed so that it would be well-arranged and easy to
understand.
4. Analyzing the Types of Code-switching
There were a number of the types of code-switching. The more data that has already been discovered and listed on the observation forms, the more types of
code-switching that were employed.
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5. Identifying the Possible Reasons for Code-switching
Based on the identified code-switching cases, the writer conducted a library study to identify the possible reasons for code-switching in Indonesian
sport tabloids. 6.
Finding out the Possible Implications of Code-switching toward English Education
The writer conducted a library study to find out the possible implications of code-switching toward English education. The implications were whether code-
switching cases found in the target tabloids support or obstruct the English
education. 7.
Making Conclusions Based on the Findings
After selecting the target tabloids, the writer designed the observation forms as a means to list the code-switching cases. Then, the writer tried to analyze
the types of code-switching and identify the possible reasons according to some theories of some linguists. Finally, as the last step, the writer made conclusions
based on the previous steps as the answers on the research questions presented in the problem formulation.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter is aimed at answering three questions as it has been elaborated in the problem formulations. The first question was about types of
code-switching in Indonesian sport tabloids. Then, the second question was the reasons for code-switching in Indonesian sport tabloids whereas the last question
was the implications of code-switching in Indonesian sport tabloids toward the English education in Indonesia. It comprised the discussion of the result on the
cases of code-switching in Indonesian sport tabloids and the implications of the readers’ learning process, as well as other findings.
A. The Types of Code-switching
The writer employed the theory of McCormick 1994 in defining types of code-switching. Those were single-word code-switching, phrase code-switching,
whole-sentence code-switching, integrated loanwords code-switching, diglossic code-switching, and the last was clause code-switching. Based on those six types
of code-switching, the writer identified both the total number of code-switching cases and the most frequent code-switching for each type of code-switching of the
three sport tabloids based on the five categories; news, opinion, feature, advertisement, and fiction.
