30 a significant difference, in which the more the article of a category the more
possibility would be found cases of single-word code-switching. In addition, the part of speech of the most frequent single-word code-switching was mostly as a
noun. The data showed that BOLA tabloid was a sport tabloid which had the highest result of single-word code-switching cases compared to SOCCER and
MOTOR Plus tabloids.
2. Phrase Code-switching
The second type of code-switching was phrase code-switching. The juxtaposed element is between two or more than one word, in which it could be
found a group of words as noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverbial phrases, as well as prepositional phrases. There were two identifications
in both total number of phrase code-switching and the most frequent phrase code- switching in the three sport tabloids.
Table 4.6: The Number of Phrase Code-switching Cases in Indonesian Sport Tabloids
Sport Tabloids
Categories News Opinion Feature Advertisement
BOLA 265 250 72
34 SOCCER 87
32 77
1 MOTOR Plus
206 70
29 15
a. News
Based on Table 4.6, it showed that BOLA tabloid had the highest result of phrase code-switching cases in news category with 265 cases. It was different
from the previous result on the single-word code-switching cases, in which its total number was almost twice higher. Then, it was followed by MOTOR Plus
31 tabloid with 206 cases of phrase code-switching. The last was SOCCER tabloid,
with only found 140 cases of phrase code-switching in news category. The writer also identified the most frequent phrase code-switching in news
category of those three sport tabloid. It could be seen in Table 4.7
Table 4.7: The Most Frequent Phrase Code-switching in News Category of the Indonesian Sport Tabloids
BOLA tabloid No Phrase
Part of Speech
Total 1.
Final four Noun Phrase
19 2.
Man of the match Noun Phrase
13 3. Grand
final Noun
Phrase 10
4. Injury time
Noun Phrase 7
5. Salary cap
Noun Phrase
7 SOCCER tabloid
1. The worst team
Noun Phrase 10
2. The best team
Noun Phrase 10
3. Big match
Noun phrase 4
4. Goal getter
Noun phrase
3 5. Mind
games Noun
phrase 3
MOTOR Plus tabloid 1. Safety
riding Noun
phrase 10
2. Road race
Noun phrase
8 3. Wild
card Noun
phrase 7
4. Neck brace
Noun phrase
5 5. Spine
protection Noun
phrase 3
It could be seen from the Table 4.7, in which the part of speech of the three sport tabloids was mostly noun phrase.
b. Opinion
There was a salient distinction among the three sport tabloids, especially the comparison result between BOLA tabloid and the two other tabloids. It was so
different from the previous data, in which the results on the single-word code- switching showed a smooth comparison among them. In this case, the writer
32 found 250 cases of phrase code-switching in opinion category of BOLA tabloid. It
was followed by MOTOR Plus, in which there were 70 cases of phrase code- switching found in opinion category. In addition, the last was in SOCCER tabloid.
In SOCCER tabloid, the writer only found 32 cases of phrase code-switching in opinion category.
The writer identified the most frequent phrase code-switching, in which the explanation could be seen in Table 4.8
Table 4.8: The Most Frequent Phrase Code-switching in Opinion Category of the Indonesian Sport Tabloids
BOLA tabloid No Phrase
Part of Speech
Total 1. Technical
Area Noun
phrase 36
2. Final four
Noun phrase
18 3.
Clean sheet Noun phrase
7 4. Top
scorer Noun
phrase 5
5. Target man
Noun phrase 4
SOCCER tabloid 1. Hot
players Noun
phrase 8
2. Loudest voice
Noun phrase
3 3. Second
striker Noun
phrase 2
4. Coaching clinic
Noun phrase
2 5. Clean
sheet Noun
phrase 2
MOTOR Plus tabloid 1. Oil
cooler Noun
phrase 7
2. Safety riding
Noun phrase
6 3. Swing
arm Noun
phrase 3
4. Intake manifold
Noun phrase
2 5. Electric
starter Noun
phrase 2
It could be seen from the Table 4.8, in which the part of speech of the three sport tabloids was mostly noun phrase.
33
c. Feature
