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second type of foreigner talk is called ungrammatical foreign talk, in which it implies the lack of respect from the native speaker and it may bring about an insult for the
learners. Ungrammatical foreign talk is characterized by both the deletion of certain grammatical features such as copula be, modal verbs, as well as articles, and the use
of basic form of verbs rather than the past tense form as well as the special constructions such as ‘no + verb’ Ellis, 1997: 45.
Finally, as long as L2 learners receive acceptable input of the target language, they would be able to produce the correct utterances. On the other hand, if L2
learners receive the incorrect one, so they cannot produce the correct utterance as well. It is supported by Krashen’s input hypothesis as cited in Ellis’ that second
language acquisition happens when a learner understands input which contains grammatical forms.
B. Theoretical Framework
The investigation of this study was on the written form, so in order to conduct the systematic study dealing with the phenomena of code-switching happen in the
society, the writer employed the theory of McCormick 1994 in defining types of code-switching. They are diglossic code-switching, conversational code-switching,
single-word code-switching, and integrated loanwords code-switching. In addition, both situational and metaphorical code-switching were eliminated because they only
occur in oral communication. Meanwhile, conversational code-switching itself is
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divided into three smaller parts, based on the length of juxtaposed utterances. They are phrase code-switching, whole-sentence code-switching, and clause code-
switching. Then, in order to identify the possible reasons for code-switching, the writer
conducted a library study. He employed two possible reasons for code-switching based on the theory of Crystal 1987 as cited by Skiba in Code-switching as a
Countenance of Language Interference . First, every topic may have some specific
terms that are sometimes so difficult to be translated in Indonesian language. Second, it is used to build the intimate relationship with the readers.
At last, in order to answer the third research question, the writer also conducted a library study. He employed Rod Ellis’ theory about foreigner talk, “the
language that native speakers use when addressing non-native speakers” 1997: 45, in which there are two modifications of foreigner talk. Those are grammatical talk
and ungrammatical talk. In this case, the grammatical talk is a modification of foreigner talk which can support the second language acquisition, whereas the
ungrammatical talk is a modification of foreigner talk which can obstruct the second language acquisition. It is supported by Krashen’s input hypothesis as cited in Ellis’
that second language acquisition happens when a learner understands input which contains grammatical forms.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the process in gathering and analyzing the data. It describes research method, source of data, research instrument, data gathering
technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
This study was such a qualitative research. As stated by Leedy and Ormrod 2005: 133, a qualitative research focuses on understanding social
phenomena in their natural setting. In order to conduct and organize the steps or procedures of this study well, the writer needed an appropriate methodology.
Since this study was conducted to comprehend a language phenomenon which existed in printed mass media, in this case English code-switching in Indonesian
sport tabloids, a document analysis was considered as the most appropriate method.
Leedy and Ormrod 2005: 142 explained that a document analysis is “a detailed and systematic examination of the contents of a particular body of
material for the purpose of identifying patterns, themes, or biases. It is typically performed on form of human communication, including books, newspapers, films,
television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions, and transcripts of conversations.” Therefore, based on the statements above, the writer conducted to
analyze the resources in the form of Indonesian sport tabloids BOLA, SOCCER,
