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F. Definition of Terms
In an attempt to clarify concepts and avoid misinterpretation of the research that the researcher conducted, some technical terms will be defined in
this section. 1.
Perception According to Peter Lindsay Donald A. Norman Perception is “the
process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. Sensation usually refers to the immediate,
relatively unprocessed result of stimulation of sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, or skin. Perception, on the other hand, better describes ones
ultimate experience of the world and typically involves further processing of sensory input. In practice, sensation and perception are virtually impossible to
separate, because they are part of one continuous process”. Thus, perception in humans describes the process whereby sensory
stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process itself. Relations found
between various types of stimulation e.g., light waves and sound waves and their associated percepts suggest inferences that can be made about the properties of the
perceptual process; theories of perceiving then can be developed on the basis of these inferences. Because the perceptual process is not itself public or directly
observable except to the perceiver himself, whose percepts are given directly in
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experience, the validity of perceptual theories can be checked only indirectly” Lindsay and Norman; 1977
In this study perception is how the students in ELESP who took Extensive Reading II class of ELESP of Sanata Dharma University think about Cooperative
Learning is implemented in their class. The perception can be positive or negative. 2.
Cooperative Learning Cooperative Learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small
teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is
responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the
assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. http:edtech.kennesaw.eduintechcooperativelearning.htm, retrieved on February
23, 2011. Cooperative Learning refers to a variety of teaching methods in which
students work in small groups to help one another learn academic content Slavin, 1995 : 2 .
In this study Cooperative Learning is the method implemented in Extensive Reading II class of ELESP of Sanata Dharma University. This method
of teaching is the one that the researcher wants to find how it is implemented in Extensive reading II class of ELESP of Sanata Dharma University.
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3. Extensive Reading II
Extensive Reading is “generally associated with reading large amounts with the aim at obtaining an overall understanding of the material” Bamford and
Day, 1997: 1. Related to the research conducted in English Language Education Study Program, Extensive Reading II is “a course that is aimed at improving
students’ reading skills through literary works and scientific or journalism writing” Prasetyo, Herawati, Prihatin, Budiraharjo, and Adjie [Eds], 2006: 73.
The reading activities are done both inside and outside the class, both by individual and by peers work. Students should do a lot of reading assignments in
order to accomplish the course. In this study Extensive Reading is the class of ELESP of Sanata Dharma
University. In this the class the researcher observed the class and then delivered a questionnaire. After observing the class and delivering questionnaires the
researcher conducted an interview for the lecturer and students in the class.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
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