28
28
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents a discussion of the method used in the research. The discussion includes research method, reseach instruments, data gathering
technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
The method used in this research is survey. A researcher uses survey because this research is in the area of subjects’ perspective. Survey “permits the
researcher to measure students’ attitudes and opinions toward something” Ary, Jacob, and Razavieh, 2002: 25. Hence, survey research can be defined as “the
systematic gathering of information from a sample of respondents for the purpose of understanding andor predicting some aspects of the behaviour of the
population of interest” in certain topic of problem Tull and Albaum, 1973: 3. Related to this research, the researcher surveyed students’ perceptions on
Cooperative Learning method used in Extensive Reading II class of English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The survey
done through interviewing the lecturer and students of Extensive Reading II, observing the activities done in Extensive Reading II class, and distributing a
questionnaire to Extensive Reading II students.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
29
B. Research Participants
This research was conducted in the fourth semester of 20102011 academic year. The participants of this research were 39 students from Extensive
Reading II class that belonged to Class B of ELESP of Sanata Dharma University in 20102010 academic year. The researcher provided the relevant information
related to Cooperative Learning implemented in Extensive Reading II class
.
C. Research Instruments
The researcher uses three instruments in this survey. The instruments are an interview guide, a questionnaire, and an observation checklist.
1. Interview Guide
The first instrument was an interview guide. The interviewees were students of Extensive Reading II, and the lecturer of Extensive Reading II. The
researcher interviewed the students of Extensive reading class in order to clarify the data obtained from the questionnaire. It resulted in the students’ perceptions
on Cooperative Learning used in Extensive Reading II of ELESP. The researcher chose the students that had the most positive and the most negative perception on
Scaffolding Strategy used in Extensive Reading II as the interviewees. The researcher interviewed the lecturer because the researcher wanted to
get more information about the implementation of Cooperative Learning used in Extensive Reading II class. The interview conducted was in a form of open–ended
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
30
structured interview, and individual interview. Neuman 2006: 287 explained that an open–ended question “permit an unlimited number of possible answer; further
the respondents can answer in detail and can qualify and clarify the responses”. Tull and Albaum 1973: 142 stated that “personal interviews have the advantage
of providing the greatest degree of control over the question asking and responding process” in the interview conducted.
2. Observation Checklist
The observation was conducted to examine the implementation of Cooperative Learning used in Extensive Reading II the first research problem.
The researcher used an observation checklist to examine how the Cooperative Learning is used in Extensive Reading II class. Observation provides “more
objective information related to the research topic”, and typically “provides answer to the questions being investigated” Hancock and Algozzine, 2006: 46–
47.
3. Questionnaire
Mellenbergh 2008, as seen in H.J. Adèr G.J. Mellenbergh 2008 define questionnaire as “a research instrument consisting of a series of questions
and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. The respondents answer the question based on their own answer, without
intimidation”. A questionnaire consists of a number of questions that the respondent has to answer in a set format. There are two types of question in
questionnaire. They are open-ended question and closed-ended question. Open-
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
31
ended question asks the participants to formulate their own question. Closed- ended question asks the participants to pick an answer from the given number of
options. The researcher used both open-ended questions and closed-ended questions. The researcher provided some open-ended questions, some closed-
ended questions, and the mixing of open-ended and closed-ended questions. In the mixing questions, the researcher provided the options and the spaces to be filled
by the participants. The questionnaire was distributed to the students of the fourth semester
students of Sanata Dharma University. After the students answered the questions, the researcher collected the questionnaire. The questionnaire was aimed to
strengthen the research findings about the students’ perception on Cooperative Learning in Extensive Reading II class
D. Data Gathering Technique
Kategori