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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design
The design of this research study was action research. This action research aimed to find a way to solve a problem related to the improvement
of speaking skills of grade X Nursing class of SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Klaten Tengah. Also, there are various definitions of action research stated by some
experts. The first definition of action research comes from Carr and Kemmis.
Carr and Kemmis 1986 in Burns 2010: 5 describe action research as a self- reflective analysis done by the participants aimed to improve the rationality
and justice of their own educational practices, their understanding of these practices and the situations where these practices are performed.
The statement given by Carr and Kemis is supported by Burns. According to Burns 2010, by conducting action research, a teacher can gain
more understanding about him or herself, the students, as well as the situation of the classroom, and it can encourage teachers to find solutions for their
classroom issues. Furthermore, Kemmis and McTaggart 1988 in Burns 2010 state that
action research typically involves four broad phases in a cycle of research —
planning, action, observation, reflection. The first cycle may become a
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continuing spiral of cycles which recur until the action researcher has achieved a satisfactory outcome and feels it is time to stop. This model of action
research is illustrated in Figure 1.2 to show its iterative nature.
Figure 2: Cyclical AR model based on Kemmis and McTaggart 1988
Finally, based on several definitions stated by some experts, it can be concluded that action research is any systematic inquiry undertaken by
participants in a social situation including education which is directed towards greater understanding and improvement of practices in which those
practices are carried out.
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B. Research Setting
1. Time
The research study was carried out at the first semester of the Academic Year o f 20152016, and can be seen on the schedule below.
Table 4: Schedule of the Research
No. Observation
Pre-test Cycle I
Cycle II Act 1
Act 2 Act 1
Act 2
1. Oct 24
th
, 2015 Oct 29
th
, 2015
Oct 30
th
, 2015
Nov 5
th
, 2015
Nov 6
th
, 2015
Nov 12
th
, 2015
2. Place
The research was conducted in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Klaten Tengah which is located in Jombor Indah street, Buntalan, Klaten. This school
provides three majors to choose, which are accounting, nursing, and office administration. There are also some facilities, such as a mosque, a library,
parking areas for teachers and students, canteens, a hall and laboratories to support stude
nts’ learning process. However, all of the classes were not facilitated with an LCD projector.
Whenever the teachers need an LCD projector for their teaching and learning activities, they have to take it from the teache
r’s room and use it in turns. The laboratories are also limited and small enough for students to do their
practical works.
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3. Subjects of the research
The subjects of the research were 22 female students who belong to class Nursing 1 of X grade Nursing Program. They were chosen as the
subjects of the research based on the concern that they will use English more frequently. Furthermore, based on the interview with the teacher, the students
in this class have high motivation to master speaking skill, but they feel so difficult to explore and express their ideas orally. Therefore, I chose them as
the subjects of the research.
C. Data Collection Instruments
To collect the data, several instruments were used in the research. They were observation checklists, interview guidelines, speaking rubric, camera
and recorder. Furthermore, the detail of the data collection instruments of this research can be seen on the table below.
Table 5: Table of Data Collection Instruments and Techniques No.
Data Instrument
Technique
1. Teaching and learning process
of SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Observation
checklist Observation
Interview Klaten.
Interview- guideline
Field notes Camera
Recorder 2.
Students’ performance Pre-test
Test Post-test
Interview
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Speaking rubric Interview-
guideline Camera
Recorder
D. Data Collection Techniques
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