Data Gathering Technique METHODOLOGY

to get some information related to the goals, the functions, the approach, and the related topics used in teaching English at the Vocational High Schools. The theories were about the 2006 Edition of School-Based Curriculum, integrated skills, Instructional Design, and English instructional materials. Besides, it was used to search literature such as books, documents, journals, articles, and web sites related to the materials used in teaching learning English at the Vocational High Schools. From the English literature, it would be used as the source for designing the materials. This literature review began in April 2008. The second way was conducting interview with five English teachers of SMKN 5 Yogyakarta in order to obtain the information about integrated English materials, the method and the activities in teaching and learning English. The interviews were conducted in May 3, 2008; May 6, 2008 and May 7, 2008. In Preliminary Field Testing, questionnaire was distributed to five English teachers of SMKN 5 Yogyakarta and two English Language Education lecturers of Sanata Dharma University for the materials evaluation. It was used to obtain feedbacks, opinions, comments, and suggestions toward the designed materials. From the materials evaluation, it would be used to revise the designed set of integrated English materials. The materials evaluation using questionnaire was done in July 21, 2008 until July 29, 2008.

E. Data Analysis Technique

In this study, the data were obtained from the interviews and the questionnaire. It would be presented in the forms of narrative description and numerical data. In the Research and Information Collecting, the interviews were conducted in the form of open-ended questions to five English teachers of SMKN 5 Yogyakarta. From Research and Information Collecting, the data gathered from five English teachers of SMKN 5 Yogyakarta would be analyzed in the form of narrative description. In the Preliminary Field Testing, the questionnaire was distributed in the form of Likert scale item close-ended questions and open-ended questions to five English teachers of SMKN 5 Yogyakarta and two English Language Education lecturers of Sanata Dharma University. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 1990: 235, in Likert scale item close-ended questions, the judgment of the participants’ statements on the questionnaire uses five degree of agreement. They are: Table 2: Degree of Agreement Degree of Agreement Meaning 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Doubt 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree From Preliminary Field Testing, the data gained from the research participants would be analyzed to find out the central tendency of the participants’ opinions about the designed materials. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 1990: 127, central tendency is regarded as the proper way of concluding the data because it represents the whole set of measurement. The measurement of central tendency or average is known as the mean, median, and mode. They are presented as follows: