communicative purposes.
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The authenticity will stimulate students to apply what they have learned and associate it with numerous purposes outside class.
Traditionally, writing has four common purposes: to inform, to persuade, to express and to entertain.
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Basically, people write to provide and share information they had. But people today are not merely doing that but also in persuading
people. This way is important to think in particular way and or to convince that the writing is reliable and factual. Writing may tend to be expressive by stating the
authors’ opinions, ideas, feelings and experiences. People also use writing to entertain, for instance, short stories, romance novels and humorous newspaper
columns.
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3. Approaches to Writing
In order to produce a masterpiece of writing, some steps are required. Dietsch mentions that there are four steps of writing process including prewriting,
drafting, revising and editingproofreading.
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Prewriting is the first stage of writing the purpose of which is to generate ideas. While drafting the process of
developing, expanding, and forming connection is required. This is the step when you can rethink, refine and develop ideas which drastically reorganize the draft.
The final steps are aimed to examine ideas, check the organization, mechanics, and language use.
Moreover, other sources explain stages of writing that may involve planning, prewriting, drafting, revising your content, revising for structure and revising for
grammar and mechanics.
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Planning is focusing on consideration of generating ideas, purposes and audiences. Prewriting is generating ideas for instance,
brainstorming, free writing, looping, clustering, and chart making. While drafting,
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Boas, op. cit., p. 27.
13
Betty Mattix Dietsch, Reasoning and Writing Well: A Rethoric, Research Guide, Reader, and Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006, fourth edition, p. 7.
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Barbara Fine Clouse, A Troubleshooting Guide for Writer: Strategies and Process, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008, fifth edition, p. 7.
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Dietsch, op. cit., p. 11.
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Donald Pharr and Santi V. Buscemi, Writing Today: Contexts and Options for the Real Word, New York: McGraw-Hill,2005, p. 22.
author starts to compose a whole writing from the very first to end. The next steps arerevising the content, structure, grammar and mechanics.
Another source also mentions 3 stages of writing process; prewriting, drafting and refision.
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In prewriting stage, there are 2 activities included generating ideas and planning. Drafting activity refers to the actual writing of the paragraph or
essay. The last step is Revision which is consisted of two parts: revising and editing. During revising, author rethinks to evaluate the whole paper. Editing is
the final stage of writing process to recheck sentence ambiguity, mechanic and
grammar.
4. Narrative Text
Narrative is one of writing genres that is taught in first grade of junior high school to third grade of senior high school. It is a text used to entertain, amuse and
tell past stories. There are some forms of Narrative text such ballad, poetry, fable, story, anecdote, legend, fantasy, myth, science fiction, fairy tales, and many more.
The generic structure of a Narrative text includesorientation, complication and resolution. Orientation usually introduces the participants involved on the text.
Complication describesa series of crisis. Resolution reveals how the crisis is solved.
The language features included in Narrative text are direct and indirect speech action verbs, thinking verbs, connections, past tense, adjective and many more.
Here the example of Narrative text and the description of the generic structure.
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17
Regina L. Smalley, Mary K. Ruetten and Joann Rishel Kozyrev, Refining Composition Skills: Academic Writing and Grammar, Boston, Heinle: Cengage Learning, 2012 sixth edition,
p. 4.
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