Boys Afghanistan - National Risk and Vulnerability Survey 2011-2012, Living Conditions Survey NRVA 2011 12 report

174 ANNEX VII UPDATING THE POVERTY LINE USING NRVA 2011-12 For each of the nine food categories, NRVA 2011-12, like NRVA 2007-08, allows for a residual – “other” – food category item. Lacking a price for these residual categories, proxy prices were deined for each “other” category to be the median by month and district of the prices of items in each food group as done for the consumption aggregate in 2007-08. 7 A inal component of total food consumption is the total value of meals consumed outside the household, e.g. in restaurants, prepared food purchased from the marketplace, etc. The NRVA 2011-12 collects this information in section 10 of the Male Household Questionnaire by asking “What has the household spent in the last 30 days for food and drinks consumed outside the home?”, and, accordingly, the total value of food away from home was used in the imputation of total food consumption. A comparative analysis of food consumption patterns from the two survey rounds shows a reduction over time in the relative share of staple food bread and cereals over total 8 , accompanied by an increase in share of relatively more nutritious food items such as meat and ish, diary and vegetables Figure VII.1. Figure VII.1: Total food consumption aggregate, by food group, and by survey year in percentages 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 NRVA 2007 -08 NRVA 2011 -12 Other Vegeta blesfruit Oilsfa t Mea tfish a nd da iry products Brea d a nd cerea ls VII.3.2 Non-food component Total expenditure on non-food items covers a wide and heterogeneous set of items such as expenditure on energy, education, transportation and clothing and was constructed by aggregating expenditures on goods and services from various sections of the NRVA. 9 Changes in the measurement of health expenditure in survey instruments made it impossible to build a comparable estimate for health across the two survey rounds. As a result, health expenditure is not included in the non-food component of the consumption aggregate. 10 Consumer durables Following baseline methodology and international best practice, “rental equivalent” of consumer durables are included in the consumption aggregate, to relect the opportunity cost of money tied up in durable goods and their lifetime and depreciation. 11 As done in the previous survey round, asset life is assumed to be 10 years with a lat-line depreciation of 10 percent per year, and an interest rate 4 percent, implying the effective discount rate of 14 percent. 7 For details on the rationale for the deinitions for each category, refer to Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and World Bank 2010. 8 The share of breads and cereals in total consumption declined from 43 to 33 while the shares of all other categories increased. 9 Expenditures such as education, transportation and clothing were reported on an annual basis, and converted into monthly values. Energy expenditures cover all sources: electricity, gas, oil, irewood, charcoal, coal, straw, ping, and manure. Following the 2007-08 approach and standard best practice, the non-food aggregate does not include three categories of expenditure, namely: 1 lumpy expenditures, 2 investment expenditures, and 3 expenditures not related to household well-being. 10 In order to produce comparable estimates of poverty over time, the 2007-08 consumption aggregate had to be recomputed to exclude medical expenditure and the baseline poverty line re-estimated to relect this change in non-food consumption. 11 Durable items include: refrigerator, stove gas balloon, sewing machine, iron, radiotape recorder, TV, VCRDVD player, satellite phone, electric fan, bicycle, motorcycle, car, tractorthresher, mobile phones, carpets khalin, gilim, blankets, and kitchen utensils.