24 Regarding the focus of the research previously mentioned, the field of this
research is morphology. The object of this research is two newspapers which have been previously
mentioned. The online version of the newspapers is chosen because of the accessibility and practicality in collecting the data. In addition, the reason for
choosing online newspapers is because it is easy to filter the data because it has been well organized. The websites are thejakartapost.com and nytimes.com.
Particularly, articles from the World column are used in this research as the data source.
Newspapers are chosen as the data source because they are resourceful, trustworthy, and always up to date. Since the goal of this research is to discover
nominal compounds, newspapers are a good data source because many articles are written there and a lot of nominal compounds can be easily found. The underlying
reason why nominal compounds are frequently used in newspapers articles is because newspapers writers work with deadline and so, using nominal compounds
in their writings can save the limited time that they have. For example, rather than saying member of committee responsible for the teaching award of university, a
newspaper writer can merely write university teaching award committee member.
3.3 Data Collection Technique
The data of this research are nominal compounds collected from 2 different online newspapers, i.e. The Jakarta Post and New York Times, composed of two
elements. As mentioned before, this research attempts to analyze nominal compounds in their most basic forms. They are taken from any articles of the
same column and length in both newspapers. In other words, articles which can be PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
25 taken for the data collection are those in the World column containing at least 500
words considering that a short article might not ideally provide enough information. The topics are the world issues which might include economic,
political, educational, social, and several other issues happening in Africa, Americas, Asia, Australia, Europe, and Middle East.
The data which should be collected are at least 150 nominal compounds for each newspaper. Overall, there are 348 nominal compounds to be collected
from both newspapers. To collect the data, the researcher firstly opens the websites of the two newspapers in one-week edition from 25 to 31 October 2016.
The websites from which the data are taken are thejakartapost.com and
nytimes.com. Afterwards, the researcher opens the World column containing
current issues happening in Asia, America, Europe, Middle East, and so on. It is then continued by selecting articles from both newspapers with similar length.
Finally, the researcher carefully reads the articles to identify nominal compounds
used in both newspapers. 3.4 Technique of Analysis
After all data are collected from both newspapers, they are analyzed in several steps in order to reach the goals of this research. The data will be
separately examined to see clearly how nominal compounds work in each newspaper considering that the newspapers used as the data source in this research
are both local and international. In writing articles in newspapers, since reporters are constrained by deadline and space, using nominal compound is common and
relatively simple. They avoid using complicated structure because it is time- consuming.
26 To answer the first research question, the elements making up nominal
compounds in each of the 150 nominal compounds found in each newspaper are to be analyzed in this step. Compounds are said to be nominal compounds when
the right element, or the head, of the compound is Noun and the possible elements composing nominal compounds in the first elements are Nouns, Adjectives,
Verbs, and Prepositions. For example, greenhouse is composed of an adjective green and a noun house. In fact, it will be easier to analyze nominal compounds
with simple constructions, meaning that the compounds consist of two words only. However, there is a case when a nominal compound is inside another
nominal compound. The word fruit-juice carton, for example, as mentioned earlier, is composed of the nominal compound fruit-juice and carton. Then, the
word fruit-juice is also a nominal compound which is repeatedly used to form another nominal compound. Thus, the data consisting of more than two words will
be analyzed not only in terms of their elements but also the constituents of the structure by using label bracketing. In the same example, after the elements are
analyzed, fruit-juice carton will be labeled [[fruit-juice] carton]] instead of [fruit [juice carton]] because the innermost constituent is fruit-juice then it later forms
fruit-juice carton. The data are presented in the table like in the following to clearly show the elements that compose a nominal compound.
Table3.1.An example of how the data are presented to answer research question 1
No. Nominal Compounds
Patterns of Nominal Compounds N+N
V+N A+N
P+N
1. Greenhouse
√ 2.
Blackboard √
3. Pickpocket
√ ...
Etc PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
27 As seen above, the first column is the number to show the quantity of
nominal compounds found in newspapers. The second column is the nominal compounds themselves. Then, the four last columns are patterns of nominal
compound construction. The letter N stands for noun, V for verb, A for adjective, and P for preposition. If a nominal compound is composed of two nouns, the
column N+N is ticked, just like the word greenhouse that is composed of an adjective and a noun, so the column A+N is ticked.
To answer the second research question regarding the types of nominal compounds, the data of each newspaper will be gathered and classified according
to their types. Plag 2003 mentions that the three types of nominal compounds are endocentric, exocentric, and copulative compounds. Determining the types of
nominal compounds can be carried out by analyzing the headedness of the data. According to Katamba 1993, the heads of nominal compounds can exist either in
the right or left position inside the compound itself. If the head of the nominal compounds can be found inside the compound itself, they are called endocentric.
For instance, a blackbird is a kind of bird and a garden party is a kind of party. In contrast, if the head of the nominal compounds are outside the compound itself,
they are called exocentric because the whole meaning of the nominal compound refers to a different external distribution. The examples pickpocket and redneck
are not a kind of pocket or neck but a kind of person. In the meantime, nominal compounds are said to be copulative because they have two heads which
contribute to the meaning of the compound. As an example, a student-teacher refers to a student who is also a teacher or a teacher who is also a student. There is
no element that is more important than the other. They both contribute to the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
28 whole meaning. In identifying the headedness, a dictionary might be used to
figure out the meaning, particularly for nominal compounds consisting of one word as they are listed in the dictionary entry. After all data are classified, the
result is presented in the table so that the difference among the types can be obviously seen. The table is given as follows.
Table3.2.An example of how the data are presented to answer research question 2
No. Nominal
Compounds Types of Nominal Compounds
Headed Compounds Headless Compounds
Right- hand head
Left-hand head
Exocentric Copulative
1. greenhouse
√ 2.
blackboard √
3. pickpocket
√ ...
etc
As shown above, the first column is the numbers indicating the quantity of nominal compounds found in newspapers. The second column is the nominal
compounds themselves. Then, the next column is types of nominal compounds that are divided into 2, namely headed and headless compounds. Headed
compounds consist of compounds with right-hand and left-hand heads, whereas headless compounds comprise of exocentric and copulative compounds.
More than one theoretical scheme will be involved in analyzing the data. In analyzing the composing elements, constituents, and types of nominal
compounds, for instance, theory from Plag 2003 and Katamba 1993 are utilized. In addition to Plag’s and Katamba’s theory, other theories from some
other experts are also used to support the main theory, including Szymanek 1989, Spencer 1991, Bybee 1985, Carstairs McCarthy 2002, Nida
1949, and Matthews 1991. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
29
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
