13 adjective-noun AN: blackboard, greenstone, faintheart
preposition-noun PN: in-group, outpost, overcoat As what Plag 2003, Szymanek 1989, and Spencer 1991 argue,
compound- stress rule occurs in the first element of the compound itself. “All of
these have the main stress on the left. The fact that hair restorer, butterfly net, and mosquito net are spelled with a space does not affect the fact that, from the
grammatical point of view, they each constitute one complex word” McCarthy 2002, p.62.
According to Katamba 1993, English nominal compounds are generally classified into two categories and below are the explanations.
2.1.2.1 Headed Compounds
There are two categories of headed compounds, namely right-headed and left-headed compounds.
2.1.2.1.1 Right-headed Compounds
Katamba 1993 states that most English compounds have heads in their right element, and those compounds can be called endocentric compounds
because, a ccording to Plag 2003, “The semantic head of these compounds is
inside the compound, which is the reason why these compounds are called endocentric compounds endo-
means ‘inside’”. Nida 1949 agrees with this statement by saying that “endocentric constructions are those in which the unit as
a whole belongs to substantially the same external distribution class as the nuclear immediate constituent or both immediate constituents” p.94. Here are the
examples: garden party
magazine cover literature book
14 A garden party is a kind of party, a magazine cover is a kind of cover, and
literature book is a book of literature. Thus, it is clear that the head of those compounds can be found inside the compounds themselves. Spencer 1991
mentions that “in endocentric compounds one element functions as the head. Most English compounds are of th
is type” p.310. In addition, endocentric nominal compounds are characterized by recursiveness Szymanek, 1989. It is, therefore,
possible for this type of compounds to have long and complex constructions. The head itself is what determines the category of the whole compound as
what is said by Katamba 1993, “It is clear...that the right-hand constituent is the one whose syntactic category like noun, verb, adjective percolates to the entire
compound word” p.311. To show that a compound is plural, it is the head which should be inflected by the plural form, and the two possible analyses of inflected
compounds is as follows according to Katamba 1993. a.
N̅ [+pl.] b.
N̿ [+pl.] N
N [+pl.] N [+pl.]
Af [+pl.] N [+pl.]
Af [+pl.] N
N [+pl.] air
port s
air port s
The first possibility is that affixation happens in the head of the compound and
then compounding is established, as seen in example a, while the second possibility, example b, compounding is established first and attached to the
plural form –s. However, in a case where irregular inflection occurs as in firemen,
field mice, underwrote, outdid, oversaw, the analysis in example a would be appropriate “...since there is no separate inflectional affix and the inflection is
assigned directly to the second element” Katamba, 1993, p.313. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15
2.1.2.1.2 Left-headed Compounds
