The Id The Ego

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g. Direct Comments

Direct comments of the person can also describe the character in the novel, Murphy 1972 states that the author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly p.170.

h. Thoughts

Besides direct comment, the way of thinking of a person in the novel can also be used to describe one’s character. The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking p.171.

i. Mannerisms

The last is about the habit of the character, Murphy 1972 states that the author can describe a person’s mannerism p.173.

3. Theory of Leadership

Leadership is one of the main parts of the military service, because there is always a rank between a soldier and an officer. The leadership skill is important to a leader when lead a company. In this study, leadership is also used to find out the meaning of the characters action during his military service. According to Tannebaum, Weschler and Mussarick 1951, leadership is interpersonal influence, exercised in situation and directed through the communication process toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals. Leadership concept focuses on how the leader can achieve a goal. It depends on the influence and the situational of the process. Furthermore, leadership is not always thinking about leader itself, but also about the follower. Tannebaum, 13 Weschler and Mussarick 1951 also states that a leader must deal with followers within a cultural, social, and physical context. According to their definition of leadership, they define the components of leadership as follows pp.25-29:

a. Interpersonal Influence

The leader has an attempt to affect the behaviour of the follower through communication. Here, the main focus is to affect the follower through behaviour.

b. Exercised in Situation

The leader can engage in a group situation by knowing the characteristics, interpersonal relationship, goal or needs and cultural context.

c. The Communication Process

The leader concerns only about interpersonal influence which is exercised through a communication process. In this context, the leader is a communicator that has a goal to convey the meaning or ideas without distortion.

d. Directed Toward The Attainment of a Specified Goal or Goals

A leader wants to achieve a goal and uses his influence to achieve the desired goal, but this goal-oriented is too complex. Sometimes the attainment of a goal can make the satisfaction for both the leader and the follower. There are four categories of attainment of goal as follows: 1 Organizational Goals A leader and the follower have the same attainment to achieve a goal. Further the task of a leader is to give stimulation to achieve the goal.