54 All the data above were organized and put in order based on the frequency
of appearance. In order to organize the data, all answers from all respondents were listed and grouped in a table. The data which were listed down on top number was
the data that often appeared from the questionnaire. From the information showing the learners’ need can be identified above,
in general, the students wanted to develop their speaking skill. The purpose of developing the speaking skill were that they wanted to facilitate learning when
continuing their study, to support for job vacancy, to access much information from many source internet, books, native speakers, to facilitate when going
abroad, and to increase confidence when talking to stranger. From the following paragraph, the students’ purposes were explained
obviously. From the interview, the teacher said that speaking activity is not provided purely only for speaking but it was integrated with other activities such
as reading and listening. Moreover, the teacher stated that importance of speaking is no more than successfully answering exercises. Here, there was significance
difference between teacher and learners’ purposes. As the conclusion, the goal of the design could be identified. It was to
design supplementary interactive speaking multimedia using video to enhance English speaking skill for the tenth grade students.
B. The Formulation of Goals, General Purposes, and Topics
Nunan 1989:48 states that “goals are the vague general intentions behind any given learning task providing a point of contact between the task and the
55 broader curriculum”. Nunan 1989:50 adds that “goals may relate to a range of
general outcomes communicative, affective, and cognitive or may directly describe teacher or learner behavior”. While general purposes emphasize at some
of the skills which contribute to the mastery of a second language In this context the researcher adapts Kemp’s model which stated that the
order was Goals, Topics, and General Purposes. While in KTSP kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan, the order was Goals known as Competence Standard,
General Purposes known as Basic Competence, and Topics. This systemic approach basically had same principles. The analogy was that all educational
programs were based on broadly stated goals and followed by the precise target competencies. In Kemp’ model, topics came first after the goals because Kemp
assumed topics to become the scope of the course, and the basis for instruction. While in KTSP, topics had role as the most specific element.
The Competence Standard for speaking skill of tenth grade students of SMA Pangudi Luhur
Sedayu semester one is “to express meaning in transactional and interpersonal conversation in the context of daily life”. Meanwhile, the Basic
Competence is to express meaning in transactional to get things done and interpersonal socialization conversation formal and informal accurately, fluently,
and in an acceptable in the context of daily life and involving speech, introducing oneself, accepting invitation, accepting and refusing appointment.
Based on the Competence Standard and the Basic Competence which were formulated, the researcher listed some topics. There were four topics which were
chosen to represent the material design. Every topic took one unit, which was to
56 be accomplished in 90 minutes. The Competence Standard, Basic Competence,
and topics are described in table 4.2
Table 4.2 The elaboration of Competence Standard, Basic Competence, and Topics
NO COMPETENCE
STANDARD BASIC COMPETENCE
TOPIC 1.
Speaking To express meaning in
transactional and interpersonal
conversation in the context of daily life.
Listening To understand meaning
in transactional and interpersonal
conversation in the context of daily life.
To express meaning in transactional to get things done
and interpersonal socialization conversation formal and informal
accurately, fluently, and in an acceptable way in the context of
daily life and involving speech, introducing oneself and others
To understand meaning in transactional to get things done
and interpersonal socialization conversation formal and informal
accurately, fluently, and in an acceptable way in the context of
daily life and involving speech, introducing oneself and others
Introducing Yourself and
Others
2. Speaking To express meaning in
the short functional text in a form of recount,
narrative, and simple To express meaning in simple
monologue text using oral language accurately, fluently, and in an
acceptable way in the context of daily life in the form of recount.
Past Experiences
57
NO COMPETENCE
STANDARD BASIC COMPETENCE
TOPIC
procedure in the context of daily life.
Listening To express meaning in
the short functional text in a form of recount,
narrative, and simple procedure in the
context of daily life. To understand meaning in simple
monologue text using oral language accurately, fluently, and in an
acceptable way in the context of daily life in the form of recount.
3. Speaking To express meaning in
transactional and interpersonal
conversation in the context of daily life.
Listening To understand meaning
in transactional and interpersonal
conversation in the context of daily life.
To express meaning in transactional to get things done and
interpersonal socialization conversation formal and informal
accurately, fluently, and in an acceptable way in the context of
daily life and involving speech, accepting and refusing appointment
To understand meaning in transactional to get things done
and interpersonal socialization conversation formal and informal
accurately, fluently, and in an acceptable way in the context of
daily life and involving speech, accepting and refusing appointment
Making an Appointment
4. Speaking To express meaning in
To express meaning in transactional to get things done and
Making an Invitation
58
NO COMPETENCE
STANDARD BASIC COMPETENCE
TOPIC
transactional and interpersonal
conversation in the context of daily life.
Listening To understand meaning
in transactional and interpersonal
conversation in the context of daily life.
interpersonal socialization conversation formal and informal
accurately, fluently, and in an acceptable way in the context of
daily life and involving speech, making invitation.
To understand meaning in transactional to get things done
and interpersonal socialization conversation formal and informal
accurately, fluently, and in an acceptable way in the context of
daily life and involving speech,
making invitation.
C. The Formulation of Learning Objectives
