Data Collection Techniques Instruments of the Research
1. Democratic Validity
It is related to the extent to which the research is truly collaborative. This kind of validity was gained by involving some research collaborators. In this
research, the researcher cooperated with the English teacher and a student from English Education Program of UNY as the collaborators.
2. Outcome Validity
It is related to the notion of actions leading outcomes that are ‘successful’. This kind of validity was presented by the data which had been gained after the
implementation of the planned actions. 3.
Process Validity It focuses on the process of conducting the research. This research aimed
mainly at improving the teaching learning process not only in how to produce good outcomes but also how to make the students understand and take part in all
the teaching learning activities. This validity was reached by preparing and providing supporting teaching method, media, and also classroom management.
4. Catalytic Validity
It is related to how the stakeholders responded to the changes occurring to themselves. This validity was presented by the result of the interview with the
related stakeholders such as the students, the English teachers and the headmaster. 5.
Dialogic Validity It is a reflective dialogue with ‘critical friends’ or other practitioners. This
kind of validity was met by doing regular discussions with the two collaborators about the result of the treatment.
Triangulation takes place as a means to reach the trustworthiness. Burns 1999: 163 recommended four kinds of triangulation.
1. Time triangulation: the data are collected in one point in time or over period
of time to achieve the changes. 2.
Space triangulation: data come across different subgroups. 3.
Investigator triangulation: the research involves more than one observer to avoid bias.
4. Theoretical triangulation: involves more than one perspective.
In this research, the trustworthiness was reached through time triangulation and investigator triangulation. The time triangulation was obtained
by finding the changes through the implementation of the planned actions in one point in time. The research was done in a period of time instead of finishing it
over period of time to obtain the changes happened. The actions were done once in a certain time. The investigator triangulation was fulfilled by involving the
English teacher and a partner as observers. Discussing the obtained data and comparing them were done with the other research members to get trustworthy
data from some points of view of the collaborators.